Bārdūlā Plates of Śivagupta, Year 9

Author of digital edition: Natasja Bosma (nabo).

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Latin (latin)].

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00033.

File path: texts/DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00033.xml.

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990).

Edition

Seal

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya sūno(ḥ) sadguṇaśālina(ḥ) śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya (sthi)tam ā (bhu)va(na)sthite(ḥ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩
⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahanīyavinayasa-
⟨1v2⟩ mpatsa{ṁ}mpāditasakalavijigīṣuguṇo guṇava{ḥ}tsamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛṣṭata-
⟨1v3⟩ raśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya Iva kṛttivā-
⟨1v4⟩ saso rāj(ñ)a⟨ḥ⟩ ś(r)¿i?◯har¡p!adevasya sūnuḥ somava¡ṅ!śasambhava⟨ḥ⟩ paramamāheśvaro mā-
⟨1v5⟩ tāpitṛpā◯dānudhyātaḥ ś¡ṛī!mahāśivaguptarājaḥ kuśalī|| kośīrananda-
⟨1v6⟩ puraviṣayīyavaṭapadrake brāhmaṇāṁ sampūjya sapradhānā¡ṁ! prativāsino
⟨1v7⟩ yathākālādhyāsinas samāhartṛsannidhātṛpramukhān adhikāriṇas sa-
⟨1v8⟩ karaṇān anyā¡ṅ!ś cāsmatpādopajīvina{ḥ}s sarvvarājapuruṣā¡ṁ! samājñā-

⟨Page 2r⟩
⟨2r1⟩ payati viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ
⟨2r2⟩ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvakarasametaḥ sarvvap¿i?ḍāvarjjitaḥ pratiṣiddha-
⟨2r3⟩ cāṭabhaṭapraveśa¡ḥ! {c}chātranāṭāsīman¿ī?v¿ī?ṣṭacchāndogacchātranārāyaṇo-
⟨2r4⟩ pādhyāya|◯trailokyaha¡n!sopādhyāya|vidyādharaha¡ṅ!sopādhyāya|parama-
⟨2r5⟩ ha¡ṅ!sopā◯dhyāya|nakṣatrarūpa|saloṇavidyādhara|vidagdhāsura|pṛ-
⟨2r6⟩ thiv¿i?rūpa|durgakalaśa|podavarāha|tālarūpa|madhyāhnarūpebhyo dvā-
⟨2r7⟩ daś¿e?bhyas tathārddhā¡ṅ!śabhāj¡as! trayodaśam avigrahacaritāya ca kārttikaśukla-
⟨2r8⟩ dvādaśyāṁ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!ṛddhaye tām{b}raśāsanenācandrā-

⟨Page 2v⟩
⟨2v1⟩ rkasamakālopabhogārtha{ṁ}m udakapūrvvaṁ pratipādita Ity ato vidheya-
⟨2v2⟩ tayā Ebhyaḥ samucitaṁ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi(ḥ bha)vadbhi(ḥ) sukhaṁ pra-
⟨2v3⟩ tivasta¡b!yam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśyedam abhidhīyate bhū-
⟨2v4⟩ mipradā ◯divi lalanti patanti hanta hṛtvā mahīṁ nṛpata(yo) nara-
⟨2v5⟩ ke nṛśa¡ṅ!sā◯T| Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?m āyus tathā ku-
⟨2v6⟩ ruta yad bhava(tā)m abh¿i?ṣṭaṁ Api ca rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggatī ko
⟨2v7⟩ nāma svarggam u¡cchi!jya narakaṁ pratipadyate|| vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślo(kā)n udāha(ra)nti{ḥ}
⟨2v8⟩ Agner apatya(ṁ) prathamaṁ suvarṇṇaṁ bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩ dattā⟨s⟩ trayas te-

⟨Page 3r⟩
⟨3r1⟩ na bhavanti lokā ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahī⟨ñ⟩ ⟨⟨ca⟩⟩ dadyāT| ṣaṣṭ¿ī?varṣasaha-
⟨3r2⟩ srāṇi svargge modati bhūmida(ḥ) Ākṣe¡tp!ā c(ā)numantā ca tāny eva narake
⟨3r3⟩ vaseT| ¡v!ahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩ yasya yasya yadā bhūmi-
⟨3r4⟩ s tasya tasya ◯tadā phalaṁ svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattām vā yatnād rakṣa yudh¿ī?⟨⟨ṣṭhi⟩⟩ra{ḥ} mahī⟨ṁ⟩
⟨3r5⟩ mahīmatā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo 'nupālana¡m! ¡i!ti|| pravarddhamānavija⊔yarājy¿a?
⟨3r6⟩ sa¡m!vatsa⟨re⟩ (9)| kārttikaśukladi 10 2

Seal

1. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya sūno(ḥ) sadguṇaśālina(ḥ)

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya (sthi)tam ā (bhu)va(na)sthite(ḥ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahanīyavinayasa⟨1v2⟩mpatsa{ṁ}mpāditasakalavijigīṣuguṇo guṇava{ḥ}tsamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛṣṭata⟨1v3⟩raśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya Iva kṛttivā⟨1v4⟩saso rāj(ñ)a⟨ḥ⟩ ś(r)⟨ī⟩◯har⟨ṣ⟩adevasya sūnuḥ somava⟨ṁ⟩śasambhava⟨ḥ⟩ paramamāheśvaro mā⟨1v5⟩tāpitṛpā◯dānudhyātaḥ ś⟨rī⟩mahāśivaguptarājaḥ kuśalī|| kośīrananda⟨1v6⟩puraviṣayīyavaṭapadrake brāhmaṇāṁ sampūjya sapradhānā⟨n⟩ prativāsino ⟨1v7⟩ yathākālādhyāsinas samāhartṛsannidhātṛpramukhān adhikāriṇas sa⟨1v8⟩karaṇān anyā⟨ṁ⟩ś cāsmatpādopajīvina{ḥ}s sarvvarājapuruṣā⟨n⟩ samājñā⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩payati

viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ ⟨2r2⟩ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvakarasametaḥ sarvvap⟨ī⟩ḍāvarjjitaḥ pratiṣiddha⟨2r3⟩cāṭabhaṭapraveśa⟨ś⟩ {c}chātranāṭāsīman⟨i⟩v⟨i⟩ṣṭacchāndogacchātranārāyaṇo⟨2r4⟩pādhyāya|◯trailokyaha⟨ṁ⟩sopādhyāya|vidyādharaha⟨ṁ⟩sopādhyāya|parama⟨2r5⟩ha⟨ṁ⟩sopā◯dhyāya|nakṣatrarūpa|saloṇavidyādhara|vidagdhāsura|pṛ⟨2r6⟩thiv⟨ī⟩rūpa|durgakalaśa|podavarāha|tālarūpa|madhyāhnarūpebhyo dvā⟨2r7⟩daś⟨a⟩bhyas tathārddhā⟨ṁ⟩śabhāj⟨e⟩ trayodaśam avigrahacaritāya ca kārttikaśukla⟨2r8⟩dvādaśyāṁ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi⟨v⟩ṛddhaye tām{b}raśāsanenācandrā⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩rkasamakālopabhogārtha{ṁ}m udakapūrvvaṁ pratipādita Ity

ato vidheya⟨2v2⟩tayā Ebhyaḥ samucitaṁ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi(ḥ bha)vadbhi(ḥ) sukhaṁ pra⟨2v3⟩tivasta⟨v⟩yam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśyedam abhidhīyate

1. Vasantatilakā

bhū⟨2v4⟩mipradā ◯divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mahīṁ nṛpata(yo) nara⟨2v5⟩ke nṛśa⟨ṁ⟩sā◯T|

Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣm⟨ī⟩m

āyus tathā ku⟨2v6⟩ruta yad bhava(tā)m abh⟨ī⟩ṣṭaṁ

Api ca

2. Anuṣṭubh

rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggatī

ko ⟨2v7⟩ nāma svarggam u⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate||

vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślo(kā)n udāha(ra)nti{ḥ}

3. Indravajrā

⟨2v8⟩ Agner apatya(ṁ) prathamaṁ suvarṇṇaṁ

bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨s⟩ trayas te⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩na bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahī⟨ñ⟩ ⟨⟨ca⟩⟩ dadyāT|

4. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭ⟨i⟩varṣasaha⟨3r2⟩srāṇi svargge modati bhūmida(ḥ)

Ākṣe⟨pt⟩ā c(ā)numantā ca tāny eva narake ⟨3r3⟩ vaseT|

5. Anuṣṭubh

⟨b⟩ahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya yadā bhūmi⟨3r4⟩s tasya tasya ◯tadā phalaṁ

6. Anuṣṭubh

svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattām vā yatnād rakṣa yudh⟨i⟩⟨⟨ṣṭhi⟩⟩ra{ḥ}

mahī⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨3r5⟩ mahīmatā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo 'nupālana⟨M⟩

⟨I⟩ti||

pravarddhamānavija⊔yarājy⟨e⟩ ⟨3r6⟩ sa⟨ṁ⟩vatsa⟨re⟩ (9)| kārttikaśukladi 10 2

Seal

1. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya sūno(ḥ) sadguṇaśālina(ḥ)

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya (sthi)tam ā (bhu)va(na)sthite(ḥ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahanīyavinayasa⟨1v2⟩mpatsa{ṁ}mpāditasakalavijigīṣuguṇo guṇava{ḥ}tsamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛṣṭata⟨1v3⟩raśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya Iva kṛttivā⟨1v4⟩saso rāj(ñ)a⟨ḥ⟩ ś(r)¿i?⟨ī⟩◯har¡p!⟨ṣ⟩adevasya sūnuḥ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasambhava⟨ḥ⟩ paramamāheśvaro mā⟨1v5⟩tāpitṛpā◯dānudhyātaḥ ś¡ṛī!⟨rī⟩mahāśivaguptarājaḥ kuśalī|| kośīrananda⟨1v6⟩puraviṣayīyavaṭapadrake brāhmaṇāṁ sampūjya sapradhānā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ prativāsino ⟨1v7⟩ yathākālādhyāsinas samāhartṛsannidhātṛpramukhān adhikāriṇas sa⟨1v8⟩karaṇān anyā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩ś cāsmatpādopajīvina{ḥ}s sarvvarājapuruṣā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ samājñā⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩payati

viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ ⟨2r2⟩ sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvakarasametaḥ sarvvap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍāvarjjitaḥ pratiṣiddha⟨2r3⟩cāṭabhaṭapraveśa¡ḥ!⟨ś⟩ {c}chātranāṭāsīman¿ī?⟨i⟩v¿ī?⟨i⟩ṣṭacchāndogacchātranārāyaṇo⟨2r4⟩pādhyāya|◯trailokyaha¡n!⟨ṁ⟩sopādhyāya|vidyādharaha¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sopādhyāya|parama⟨2r5⟩ha¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sopā◯dhyāya|nakṣatrarūpa|saloṇavidyādhara|vidagdhāsura|pṛ⟨2r6⟩thiv¿i?⟨ī⟩rūpa|durgakalaśa|podavarāha|tālarūpa|madhyāhnarūpebhyo dvā⟨2r7⟩daś¿e?⟨a⟩bhyas tathārddhā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śabhāj¡as!⟨e⟩ trayodaśam avigrahacaritāya ca kārttikaśukla⟨2r8⟩dvādaśyāṁ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye tām{b}raśāsanenācandrā⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩rkasamakālopabhogārtha{ṁ}m udakapūrvvaṁ pratipādita Ity

ato vidheya⟨2v2⟩tayā Ebhyaḥ samucitaṁ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi(ḥ bha)vadbhi(ḥ) sukhaṁ pra⟨2v3⟩tivasta¡b!⟨v⟩yam iti|| bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśyedam abhidhīyate

1. Vasantatilakā

bhū⟨2v4⟩mipradā ◯divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mahīṁ nṛpata(yo) nara⟨2v5⟩ke nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sā◯T|

Etad ⟨d⟩vayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m

āyus tathā ku⟨2v6⟩ruta yad bhava(tā)m abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭaṁ

Api ca

2. Anuṣṭubh

rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggatī

ko ⟨2v7⟩ nāma svarggam u¡cchi!⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate||

vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślo(kā)n udāha(ra)nti{ḥ}

3. Indravajrā

⟨2v8⟩ Agner apatya(ṁ) prathamaṁ suvarṇṇaṁ

bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva⟨ḥ⟩

dattā⟨s⟩ trayas te⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩na bhavanti lokā

ya⟨ḥ⟩ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahī⟨ñ⟩ ⟨⟨ca⟩⟩ dadyāT|

4. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭ¿ī?⟨i⟩varṣasaha⟨3r2⟩srāṇi svargge modati bhūmida(ḥ)

Ākṣe¡tp!⟨pt⟩ā c(ā)numantā ca tāny eva narake ⟨3r3⟩ vaseT|

5. Anuṣṭubh

¡v!⟨b⟩ahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ sagarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya yadā bhūmi⟨3r4⟩s tasya tasya ◯tadā phalaṁ

6. Anuṣṭubh

svadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradattām vā yatnād rakṣa yudh¿ī?⟨i⟩⟨⟨ṣṭhi⟩⟩ra{ḥ}

mahī⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨3r5⟩ mahīmatā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo 'nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩ti||

pravarddhamānavija⊔yarājy¿a?⟨e⟩ ⟨3r6⟩ sa¡m!⟨ṁ⟩vatsa⟨re⟩ (9)| kārttikaśukladi 10 2

Apparatus

Plates

⟨1v4⟩ °har¡p!⟨ṣ⟩adevasya ⬦ °harṣadevasya PBD; °har¡p!⟨ṣ⟩adevasya AMS.

⟨1v8⟩ cā° ⬦ ca° PBD; cā° AMS.

⟨2r8⟩ °pittror ⬦ °pittror PBD; °pitror AMS.

⟨2v5⟩ lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m ⬦ lakṣmīm PBD; lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m AMS.

⟨2v6⟩ °durggatī ⬦ °durggatī PBD; °durgatī AMS.

⟨2v8⟩ vvaiṣṇavī ⬦ vaiṣṇavī PBD; vvaiṣṇavī AMS. — ⟨2v8⟩ °sutāś ⬦ °s¿ū?⟨u⟩tāś PBD; °sutāś AMS.

⟨3r4⟩ yudh¿ī?⟨i⟩⟨⟨ṣṭhi⟩⟩ra{ḥ} ⬦ yudhi⟨⟨ṣṭhi⟩⟩ra PBD; yudh¿ī?⟨i⟩⟨⟨ṣṭhi⟩⟩ra{ḥ} AMS. — ⟨3r4⟩ kārttikaśukla ⬦ kārttikaśukla PBD; kārtikaśuklā AMS.

Translation

Seal

The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the earth.

Plates

⟨1v1–2r1⟩ Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas (i.e., Śiva); who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Vaṭapadraka situated in the Kośīranandapura viṣaya, ⟨the king⟩ issues ⟨the following command⟩ to all royal officers who are dedicated to our service, to the governor and other local council, headed by the collector and the receiver, to those who are temporarily posted ⟨in the village⟩, and to the residents ⟨of the village⟩ with their headman:

⟨2r1–2v1⟩ Let it be known to you that by means of ⟨this⟩ copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to a group of twelve students of the Chāndoga (Sāmaveda) who are settled in the outskirts of Chātranāṭā, ⟨namely⟩, Nārāyaṇopādhyāya, Trailokyahaṁsopādhyāya, Vidyādharahaṁsopādhyāya, Paramahaṁsopādhyāya, Nakṣatrarūpa, Saloṇavidyādhara, Vidagdhāsura, Pṛthivīrūpa, Durgakalaśa, Podavarāha, Tālarūpa, and Madhyāhnarūpa; and to Avigrahacarita, who receives half a share as thirteenth ⟨donee⟩. ⟨The grant of the village⟩, which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, ⟨took place⟩ on the twelfth ⟨day⟩ of the bright fortnight of the month of Kārttika ⟨and⟩ comes along with ⟨the right to⟩ hidden treasures and deposits; ⟨the right to⟩ punish and realise fines for the ten offences; ⟨the right to collect⟩ all taxes ⟨payable to the king⟩; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops.

⟨2v1–2v3⟩ Therefore, you should render the proper prescribed ⟨shares of⟩ periodical offerings, produce, and the like to these ⟨donees⟩, while living happily ⟨in this village⟩. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:

2v3–2v6.

⟨Kings⟩ who donate land sport in heaven, ⟨but⟩ look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!

⟨2v6⟩ And also:

2v6–2v7.

Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting ⟨the land⟩; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?

⟨2v7⟩ And in this respect they quote the ⟨following⟩ stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

2v8–3r1.

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: ⟨Therefore⟩, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds

3r1–3r3.

A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows ⟨another to confiscate it⟩ will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r3–3r4.

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r4–3r5.

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

⟨3r5–3r6⟩ ⟨The copperplate charter has been engraved on⟩ the day 12 of the light ⟨half⟩ of the month of Kārttika, in the year 9 of the increasingly victorious reign ⟨of Śivagupta⟩.

Bibliography

First edited by Desai [1956] 1947–1948 from the original plates; published again by Shastri 1995, pp. 119–123; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs.

Primary

[PBD] Desai, P. B. [1956] 1947–1948. “Bardula plates of Mahasivagupta: Year 9.” EI 27, pp. 287–291.

[AMS] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 119–123.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 99, 249–250.

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<l n="ab">rājña<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śrīharṣaguptasya sūno<unclear>ḥ</unclear> sadguṇaśālina<unclear>ḥ</unclear></l>

<l n="cd">śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya <unclear>sthi</unclear>tam ā <unclear>bhu</unclear>va<unclear>na</unclear>sthite<unclear>ḥ</unclear></l>

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<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralR"/> svasty aśeṣakṣit<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsāditamahanīyavinayasa<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>mpatsa<surplus>ṁ</surplus>mpāditasakalavijigīṣuguṇo guṇava<surplus>ḥ</surplus>tsamāśraya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> prakṛṣṭata<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>raśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudayaḥ kārt<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ikeya Iva kṛttivā<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>saso rāj<unclear>ñ</unclear>a<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> ś<unclear>r</unclear><choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><space type="binding-hole"/>har<choice><orig>p</orig><reg>ṣ</reg></choice>adevasya sūnuḥ somava<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śasambhava<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> paramamāheśvaro mā<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>tāpitṛpā<space type="binding-hole"/>dānudhyātaḥ ś<choice><orig>ṛī</orig><reg>rī</reg></choice>mahāśivaguptarājaḥ kuśalī<g type="ddandaHooked"/> kośīrananda<lb n="1v6" break="no"/>puraviṣayīyavaṭapadrake brāhmaṇāṁ sampūjya sapradhānā<choice><orig>ṁ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> prativāsino<lb n="1v7"/>yathākālādhyāsinas samāhartṛsannidhātṛpramukhān adhikāriṇas sa<lb n="1v8" break="no"/>karaṇān anyā<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>ś cāsmatpādopajīvina<surplus>ḥ</surplus>s sarvvarājapuruṣā<choice><orig>ṁ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> samājñā<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>payati</p> <p>viditam astu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmas sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ<lb n="2r2"/>sadaśāparādhaḥ sarvvakarasametaḥ sarvvap<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ḍāvarjjitaḥ pratiṣiddha<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>cāṭabhaṭapraveśa<choice><orig>ḥ</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice> <surplus>c</surplus>chātranāṭāsīman<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>v<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>ṣṭacchāndogacchātranārāyaṇo<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>pādhyāya<g type="dandaHooked"/><space type="binding-hole"/>trailokyaha<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>sopādhyāya<g type="dandaHooked"/>vidyādharaha<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>sopādhyāya<g type="dandaHooked"/>parama<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>ha<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>sopā<space type="binding-hole"/>dhyāya<g type="dandaPlain"/>nakṣatrarūpa<g type="dandaPlain"/>saloṇavidyādhara<g type="dandaHooked"/>vidagdhāsura<g type="dandaHooked"/>pṛ<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>thiv<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>rūpa<g type="dandaHooked"/>durgakalaśa<g type="dandaHooked"/>podavarāha<g type="dandaHooked"/>tālarūpa<g type="dandaHooked"/>madhyāhnarūpebhyo dvā<lb n="2r7" break="no"/>daś<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>bhyas tathārddhā<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śabhāj<choice><orig>as</orig><reg>e</reg></choice> trayodaśam avigrahacaritāya ca kārttikaśukla<lb n="2r8" break="no"/>dvādaśyāṁ mātāpittror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>ṛddhaye tām<surplus>b</surplus>raśāsanenācandrā<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>rkasamakālopabhogārtha<surplus>ṁ</surplus>m udakapūrvvaṁ pratipādita Ity</p> <p>ato vidheya<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>tayā Ebhyaḥ samucitaṁ bhogabhāgādikam upanayadbhi<unclear>ḥ bha</unclear>vadbhi<unclear>ḥ</unclear> sukhaṁ pra<lb n="2v3" break="no"/>tivasta<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yam iti<g type="ddandaHooked"/> bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśyedam abhidhīyate</p>

<l n="a">bhū<lb n="2v4" break="no"/>mipradā <space type="binding-hole"/>divi lalanti patanti hanta</l>

<l n="b">hṛtvā mahīṁ nṛpata<unclear>yo</unclear> nara<lb n="2v5" break="no"/>ke nṛśa<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>sā<space type="binding-hole"/>T<g type="dandaHooked"/></l>

<l n="c">Etad <supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>vayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣm<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>m</l>

<l n="d">āyus tathā ku<lb n="2v6" break="no"/>ruta yad bhava<unclear>tā</unclear>m abh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣṭaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggatī</l>

<l n="cd">ko <lb n="2v7"/>nāma svarggam u<choice><orig>cchi</orig><reg>tsṛ</reg></choice>jya narakaṁ pratipadyate<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<p>vyāsagītā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ś cātra ślo<unclear>kā</unclear>n udāha<unclear>ra</unclear>nti<surplus>ḥ</surplus></p>

<l n="a"><lb n="2v8"/>Agner apatya<unclear>ṁ</unclear> prathamaṁ suvarṇṇaṁ</l>

<l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāva<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="c">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> trayas te<pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1" break="no"/>na bhavanti lokā</l>

<l n="d">ya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ñ</supplied> <add place="below">ca</add> dadyāT<g type="dandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab">ṣaṣṭ<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>varṣasaha<lb n="3r2" break="no"/>srāṇi svargge modati bhūmida<unclear>ḥ</unclear></l>

<l n="cd">Ākṣe<choice><orig>tp</orig><reg>pt</reg></choice>ā c<unclear>ā</unclear>numantā ca tāny eva narake <lb n="3r3"/>vaseT<g type="dandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab"><choice><orig>v</orig><reg>b</reg></choice>ahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sagarādibhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">yasya yasya yadā bhūmi<lb n="3r4" break="no"/>s tasya tasya <space type="binding-hole"/>tadā phalaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">svadattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> paradattām vā yatnād rakṣa yudh<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice><add place="below">ṣṭhi</add>ra<surplus>ḥ</surplus></l>

<l n="cd">mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> <lb n="3r5"/>mahīmatā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo 'nupālana<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>

<p>pravarddhamānavija<space type="descender"/>yarājy<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice><lb n="3r6"/>sa<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>vatsa<supplied reason="omitted">re</supplied> <num value="9"><unclear>9</unclear></num><g type="dandaHooked"/> kārttikaśukladi <num value="12">10 2</num></p></div></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<lem>°har<choice><orig>p</orig><reg>ṣ</reg></choice>adevasya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Desai1947-1948_01">°harṣadevasya</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°har<choice><orig>p</orig><reg>ṣ</reg></choice>adevasya</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<lem>°pittror</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Desai1947-1948_01">°pittror</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°pitror</rdg>

</app>

<lem>lakṣm<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>m</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Desai1947-1948_01">lakṣmīm</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">lakṣm<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>m</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°durggatī</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Desai1947-1948_01">°durggatī</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°durgatī</rdg>

</app>

<lem>vvaiṣṇavī</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Desai1947-1948_01">vaiṣṇavī</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">vvaiṣṇavī</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°sutāś</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°sutāś</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Desai1947-1948_01">yudhi<add place="below">ṣṭhi</add>ra</rdg>

</app>

<lem>kārttikaśukla</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Desai1947-1948_01">kārttikaśukla</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">kārtikaśuklā</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p>The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the earth.</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-2r1">Success! Hail! The illustrious and great king Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious Harṣadeva, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Śiva</supplied>; who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Vaṭapadraka situated in the Kośīranandapura <foreign>viṣaya</foreign>, <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to all royal officers who are dedicated to our service, to the governor and other local council, headed by the collector and the receiver, to those who are temporarily posted <supplied reason="subaudible">in the village</supplied>, and to the residents <supplied reason="subaudible">of the village</supplied> with their headman:</p>

<p n="2r1-2v1">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to a group of twelve students of the Chāndoga <supplied reason="explanation">Sāmaveda</supplied> who are settled in the outskirts of Chātranāṭā, <supplied reason="subaudible">namely</supplied>, Nārāyaṇopādhyāya, Trailokyahaṁsopādhyāya, Vidyādharahaṁsopādhyāya, Paramahaṁsopādhyāya, Nakṣatrarūpa, Saloṇavidyādhara, Vidagdhāsura, Pṛthivīrūpa, Durgakalaśa, Podavarāha, Tālarūpa, and Madhyāhnarūpa; and to Avigrahacarita, who receives half a share as thirteenth <supplied reason="subaudible">donee</supplied>. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village</supplied>, which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, <supplied reason="subaudible">took place</supplied> on the twelfth <supplied reason="subaudible">day</supplied> of the bright fortnight of the month of Kārttika <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> comes along with <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> punish and realise fines for the ten offences; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to collect</supplied> all taxes <supplied reason="subaudible">payable to the king</supplied>; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; and the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops.</p>

<p n="2v1-2v3">Therefore, you should render the proper prescribed <supplied reason="subaudible">shares of</supplied> periodical offerings, produce, and the like to these <supplied reason="subaudible">donees</supplied>, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:</p>

<p n="2v3-2v6" rend="stanza"><supplied reason="subaudible">Kings</supplied> who donate land sport in heaven, <supplied reason="subaudible">but</supplied> look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!</p>

<p n="2v6-2v7" rend="stanza">Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied>; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?</p>

<p n="2v7">And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="2v8-3r1" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds</p>

<p n="3r1-3r3" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r3-3r4" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3r4-3r5" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>

<p n="3r5-3r6"><supplied reason="subaudible">The copperplate charter has been engraved on</supplied> the day 12 of the light <supplied reason="subaudible">half</supplied> of the month of Kārttika, in the year 9 of the increasingly victorious reign <supplied reason="subaudible">of Śivagupta</supplied>.</p></div></div>

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