Stela of Tuol Kuhear (K. 1176), 7th-8th century CE

Editors: Kunthea Chhom, Arlo Griffiths, Gerdi Gerschheimer.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK01176.

Hand description:

The akṣaras of the first line are bigger than the rest.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-01-22 13:37 (71863cc), last modified 2024-06-27 07:12 (25c6f3e).

I. Anuṣṭubh

⟨1⟩ ⟨Column a⟩śrīmad-āmrātakeśena

⟨Column b⟩jitan tripura-ghātinā

⟨2⟩ ⟨Column a⟩dagdhas samūlato yasya

⟨Column b⟩kāmo huṅkāra-bah(n)inā

II. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3⟩ ⟨Column a⟩yo mahīpatibhir mūrddhnā

⟨Column b⟩dhr̥(t)ājñaḥ prathita[⏑⏓]

⟨4⟩ ⟨Column a⟩rājā śrī-jayava(r)mmā sa

⟨Column b⟩jayatīndra-sama-dyutiḥ

III. Anuṣṭubh

⟨5⟩ ⟨Column a⟩yo mu(n)i(r) [⏓⏑–]nā(rai)

⟨Column b⟩[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑](bh)ūbhuj(ai)[ḥ]

⟨6⟩ ⟨Column a⟩bhaga(s/v/t)[⏓][⏓⏑––⏓]

⟨Column b⟩[⏓⏓⏓] vijitendri[yaḥ]

IV. Anuṣṭubh

⟨7⟩ ⟨Column a⟩me¿p?⟨ṣ⟩ā(pt)[⏓][⏓⏑––⏓]

⟨Column b⟩[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑]le nala[ḥ]

⟨8⟩ ⟨Column a⟩siddhāyatana[––⏓]

⟨Column b⟩[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–⏑]nā

V. Anuṣṭubh

⟨9⟩ ⟨Column a⟩jñānam[–][⏓⏑––⏓]

⟨Column b⟩[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–⏑](t)iḥ

⟨Column a⟩ ⟨10⟩ śrīmad-āmrā(ta)k(e)[–⏓]

⟨Column b⟩[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑](ka)lpi(ne)

VI. Anuṣṭubh

⟨11⟩ ⟨Column a⟩paratra vidyā-prāpty-a(rtha)m

⟨Column b⟩ā(tma-mukt)y-a(rtham eva) ca

⟨12⟩ ⟨Column a⟩(t)eneyaṁ sthāpi(tā) dev(ī)

⟨Column b⟩(nīla?)[⏓⏓] śi(lā)may(ī)

VII. Anuṣṭubh

⟨13⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[⏓⏓](sya) tu dhanaṁ dat[taṁ]

⟨Column b⟩[⏓⏓⏓]s(v)arggam icchatā

⟨14⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑––⏓]

⟨Column b⟩[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–]k(a/u)[⏓]

Apparatus

⟨3⟩ prathita[⏑⏓] • The last syllable of prathita must have been metrically long. We suggest restoring prathita[ḥ kṣitau], but other ways to fill the gap are no doubt imaginable.

⟨6⟩ bhaga(s/v/t)[⏓][⏓⏑––⏓] • The vowel of the only partially preserved consonant after bhaga is unknown. We expect this vowel to be prosodically long (third syllable after a short second), but we don’t know whether it was long by nature or only by position.

⟨7⟩ me¿p?⟨ṣ⟩ā(pt)[⏓⏓⏑–⏑⏓] • Our correction ¿p?⟨ṣ⟩ā and our tentative reading pt (cf. pty in line 9) imply that this stanza is stating a date.

⟨9⟩ jñānam[–][⏓⏑––⏓] • The akṣara after jñāna must have been me or mo. In the former case, one could imagine that the original text had jñānam eva; in the latter one that it had jñāna-mokṣa-.

⟨11⟩ ā(tma-mukt)y-a(rtham) • The reading is quite unclear because the stone is quite worn for much of this line, but little doubt remains in the end, as the key term ātmamukti is found in some important Sanskrit texts, notably the Kathāsaritsāgara (12.3.20) and the Śivasaṁhitā, in which latter we read as stanza 1.2: atha bhaktānurakto ’haṁ ¿vakti? yogānuśāsanam | īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānām ātmamuktipradāyakaḥ.

Translation by Kunthea Chhom and Arlo Griffiths

I

Victorious is the Slayer of Tripura, the illustrious Āmrātakeśa, by the fire of whose [mere] (menacing) sound hum Kāma has been entirely burnt.

II

Victorious [likewise] is the king Jayavarman, he whose order is carried on the head by the kings, spread […], whose light is equal to that of Indra.

III

He who has conquered the senses […] by the kings […].

IV

[…] arriving in Aries (?) […] the [God] Siddhāyatana […].

V

[…] knowledge […] the illustrious Āmrātakeśa […].

VI

In order to obtain the knowledge about the other world and in order to liberate himself, he has established this dark-blue […] stone-made Goddess.

VII

[…] the wealth is offered […] by him who desires heaven […].

Commentary

(8) The word siddhāyatana designates a deity in K. 426 (from near Phnom Penh), where the deity’s resources are ordered to be shared with Acaleśvara. See also K. 1239.

Bibliography

This previously unpublished inscription is edited here by Kunthea Chhom and Arlo Griffiths on the basis of a preliminary edition by Gerdi Gerschheimer, making use of the estampage EFEO n. 1746 and photos 351-25.jpg, 351-26.jpg, AMPP001145.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

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<title>Stela of Tuol Kuhear (K. 1176), 7th-8th century CE</title>

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<l n="a"><lb n="1"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>śrīmad-āmrātakeśena</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>jitan tripura-ghātinā</l>

<l n="c"><lb n="2"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>dagdhas samūlato yasya</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>kāmo huṅkāra-bah<unclear>n</unclear>inā</l>

</lg>

<l n="a"><lb n="3"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>yo mahīpatibhir mūrddhnā</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>dhr̥<unclear>t</unclear>ājñaḥ prathita<seg met="-="><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg></l>

<l n="c"><lb n="4"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>rājā śrī-jayava<unclear>r</unclear>mmā sa</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>jayatīndra-sama-dyutiḥ</l>

</lg>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/><seg met="====-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg><unclear>bh</unclear>ūbhuj<unclear>ai</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="c"><lb n="6"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>bhaga<choice><unclear>s</unclear><unclear>v</unclear><unclear>t</unclear></choice><seg type="component" subtype="vowel" met="="><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg><seg met="=-++="><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg></l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/><seg met="==="><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg> vijitendri<supplied reason="lost">yaḥ</supplied></l>

<!--

a. mu<unclear>n</unclear>i: muCi GG

a. nā(rai): (nārai) GG, with note "« lecture » très peu assurée".

read nānai? nān[t]ai? nantrai? it at first sight seems disturbing that the -ā does not appear to be attached to the n, but reading a postconsonantal r on the next akṣara is also difficult, because stone is preserved for the space just below the na and the stroke after it does not continue below the line. See also shape of suspected -nā at the end of line 8.

c. bhaga<unclear>s</unclear>V: bhaga<unclear>v</unclear>V GG

-->

</lg>

<l n="c"><lb n="8"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>siddhāyatana<seg met="++="><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg></l>

<!-- b. Le trait sous le n de la 7e syllabe du vers, qu’on pourrait à la limite interpréter comme un u, me paraît être la trace d’une égratignure sur la pierre : sa forme n’est pas celle d’un u standard sous n, qui devrait finir par une incurvation par la gauche – cf. hu dans st. Id, mu dans st. IIIa.

b. nala[ḥ]: The na looks like a da to me.

d. nā: Like in line 5, the ā does not seem to be attached to the na.-->

</lg>

<l n="a"><lb n="9"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>jñānam<seg type="component" subtype="vowel" met="+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg><seg met="=-++="><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg></l>

<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="a"/><lb n="10"/>śrīmad-āmrā<unclear>ta</unclear>k<unclear>e</unclear><seg met="+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg></l>

</lg>

<l n="a"><lb n="11"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>paratra vidyā-prāpty-a<unclear>rtha</unclear>m</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>ā<unclear>tma-mukt</unclear>y-a<unclear>rtham eva</unclear> ca</l>

<l n="c"><lb n="12"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/><unclear>t</unclear>eneyaṁ sthāpi<unclear>tā</unclear> dev<unclear>ī</unclear></l>

</lg>

<!-- Dominic's email 2021-01-27:

I think that the Śivasaṃhitā is regarded as a relatively late work of Haṭhayoga.

But in any case, ātmamukti is not a puzzling expression, even if it is perhaps not particularly common.

To my ears, vakti seems quite normal. As for the fourth pāda, I don't know what it says, but it doesn't

look like it starts with nīla. The first letter looks like ni, but the one after doesn't look like a la. -->

<l n="a"><lb n="13"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/><seg met="=="><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg><unclear>sya</unclear> tu dhanaṁ dat<supplied reason="lost">taṁ</supplied></l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/><seg met="==="><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg>s<unclear>v</unclear>arggam icchatā</l>

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<lem>prathita<seg met="-="><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg></lem>

<note>The last syllable of <foreign>prathita</foreign> must have been metrically long.

We suggest restoring <foreign>prathita<supplied reason="lost">ḥ kṣitau</supplied></foreign>,

but other ways to fill the gap are no doubt imaginable.</note>

</app>

<!-- Apparatus for muni L5?

Daniel's suggestion: The same applies to muni in L5: even if I'm wrong in suggesting munir there, the second and third syllables of a pāda should not both be long, so we expect ni to be long, i.e. to be followed by more than one consonant. But I would leave that to an apparatus note and leave the markup as you have it now.-->

<lem>bhaga<choice><unclear>s</unclear><unclear>v</unclear><unclear>t</unclear></choice><seg type="component" subtype="vowel" met="="><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg><seg met="=-++="><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg></lem>

<note>The vowel of the only partially preserved consonant after <foreign>bhaga</foreign> is unknown. We expect this vowel to be prosodically long (third syllable after a short second), but we don't know whether it was long by nature or only by position.</note>

</app>

<note>Our correction <foreign><choice><sic>p</sic><corr>ṣ</corr></choice>ā</foreign> and our tentative reading <foreign>pt</foreign> (cf. <foreign>pty</foreign> in line 9) imply that this stanza is stating a date.</note>

</app>

<lem>jñānam<seg type="component" subtype="vowel" met="+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg><seg met="=-++="><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg></lem>

<note>The <foreign>akṣara</foreign> after <foreign>jñāna</foreign> must have been <foreign>me</foreign> or <foreign>mo</foreign>. In the former case, one could imagine that the original text had <foreign>jñānam eva</foreign>; in the latter one that it had <foreign>jñāna-mokṣa-</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>ā<unclear>tma-mukt</unclear>y-a<unclear>rtham</unclear></lem>

<note>The reading is quite unclear because the stone is quite worn for much of this line, but little doubt remains in the end, as the key term <foreign>ātmamukti</foreign> is found in some important Sanskrit texts, notably the <title>Kathāsaritsāgara</title> <supplied reason="explanation">12.3.20</supplied> and the <title>Śivasaṁhitā</title>, in which latter we read as stanza 1.2: <foreign>atha bhaktānurakto 'haṁ <sic>vakti</sic> yogānuśāsanam | īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānām ātmamuktipradāyakaḥ</foreign>.</note>

<!--

Kathāsaritsāgara

yuddhabandīkṛtena prāksa hi pitrātmamuktaye /<br>

niyamāya pratinidhistātasyeha samarpyata // SoKss_12,3.20 //

Śivasaṁhitā, prathamaḥ paṭalaḥ

ekaṁ jñānaṁ nityam ādyantaśūnyaṁ nānyat kiñcidvatte te vastu satyam |

yadbhedo 'sminn indriyopādhinā vai jñānasyāyaṁ bhāsate nānyathaiva || 1-1 ||

atha bhaktānurakto 'haṃ vakti yogānuśāsanam |

īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānām ātmamuktipradāyakaḥ || 1-2 ||

tyaktvā vivādaśīlānāṁ mataṁ durjñānahetukam |

ātmajñānāya bhūtānām ananyagaticetasām || 1-3 ||

Uddyota on Svacchandatantra 10.676

yan na sāṃkhyair na yogair vā na caiva pāñcarātrikaiḥ |

svabhāvavādibhir nāpi na ca karmapravādibhiḥ || 10-676 ||

prakṛtipuruṣayor avivekamātrāt saṃsāro vivekāt tu muktir itīdṛgjñānaiḥ sāṃkhyaiḥ,

atraiva cittaikāgryātmayogāveśasamprāpya draṣṭṛsvarūpāvasthityātmamuktivādibhir yogaśāstrasthaiḥ,

ṣaḍviṃśatitattvarūpamahāvibhūtyātmakavāsudevākhyaparaprakṛtipariṇāmātmakaprakṛtyādijagadvādibhiḥ

pāñcarātrikair yan na dṛṣṭam iti sambandhaḥ || -->

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p rend="stanza" n="1">Victorious is the Slayer of Tripura, the illustrious Āmrātakeśa, by the fire of whose <supplied reason="subaudible">mere</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation">menacing</supplied> sound <foreign>hum</foreign> Kāma has been entirely burnt.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="2">Victorious <supplied reason="subaudible">likewise</supplied> is the king Jayavarman, he whose order is carried on the head by the kings, spread <gap reason="lost"/>, whose light is equal to that of Indra.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="3">He who has conquered the senses <gap reason="lost"/> by the kings <gap reason="lost"/>.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="4"><gap reason="lost"/> arriving in Aries (?) <gap reason="lost"/> the <supplied reason="undefined">God</supplied> Siddhāyatana <gap reason="lost"/>.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="5"><gap reason="lost"/> knowledge <gap reason="lost"/> the illustrious Āmrātakeśa <gap reason="lost"/>.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="6">In order to obtain the knowledge about the other world and in order to liberate himself, he has established this dark-blue <gap reason="lost"/> stone-made Goddess.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="7"><gap reason="lost"/> the wealth is offered <gap reason="lost"/> by him who desires heaven <gap reason="lost"/>.</p>

</div>

<p n="8">The word <foreign>siddhāyatana</foreign> designates a deity in <ref target="DHARMA_INSK00426.xml">K. 426</ref> (from near Phnom Penh), where the deity's resources are ordered to be shared with Acaleśvara. See also <ref target="DHARMA_INSK01239.xml">K. 1239</ref>.</p>

</div>

<p>This previously unpublished inscription is edited here by Kunthea Chhom and Arlo Griffiths on the basis of a preliminary edition by Gerdi Gerschheimer, making use of the estampage EFEO n. 1746 and photos 351-25.jpg, 351-26.jpg, AMPP001145.</p>

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