Rock of Đông Yên Châu (C. 174), 5th century

Authors of digital edition: George Cœdès, Arlo Griffiths (argr).

Contributors: Salomé Pichon (sapi), Arlo Griffiths (argr).

Palaeographic description: Archaic notation of subscript/reduced-size final consonsants.

Language: Old Cham (ocm) [Cam (cam)].

Repository: Campā (tfc-campa-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIC00174.

File path: xml/DHARMA_INSCIC00174.xml.

Version: 2026-08-26 06:35 (21bcd9d), last modified 2026-08-26 06:35 (21bcd9d).

Edition

⟨1⟩ siddhaM꩜ nī yāṄ nāga puÑ putauV ya UrāṄ spūY di ko

⟨2⟩ kuruN ko jmāY labuḥ nari svarggaḥ ya UrāṄ paribhū d(i) ko

⟨3⟩ kuruN saribū thūN ko davaM di naraka dṅaN tijūḥ kulo ko

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ nī ⬦ ni GC. — ⟨1⟩ yāṄ ⬦ yaṄ GC.

Translation

⟨1–3⟩ Success! This is the divine serpent of the king. People who are gentle to Him (ko), kurun they (ko) shall not fall from heaven. People who insult Him, kurun a thousand years they suffer from fever in hell with their seven generations of descendants.

Translation by Marrison 1975

⟨1–3⟩ Fortune! This is the divine serpent of the king. Whoever respects him, for him jewels fall from heaven. Whoever insults him, he will remain for a thousand years in hell, with seven generations of his.

Translation into French by Cœdès 1937–1966

⟨1–3⟩ Succès ! Ceci est le saint nāga du roi. Quiconque le traite doucement....... des joyaux tombent ciel ; quiconque l’insulte...... pendant 1000 années ⟨il souffre⟩ aux enfers avec sept générations de sa famille.

Bibliography

First edited by George Cœdès (1939). Re-edited and here by Arlo Griffiths from the estampage EFEO n. 1072, with a fresh translation.

Primary

[GC] Cœdès, George. 1939. “La plus ancienne inscription en langue chame.” In: New Indian Antiquary, Extra series, I: A volume of Eastern and Indian studies in honour of professor F. W. Thomas, C. I. E. Bombay: Karnatak Publishing House, pp. 46–49.

Secondary

Marrison, Geoffrey E. 1975. “The early Cham language, and its relationship to Malay.” JMBRAS 48 (2 (228)), pp. 52–59. [URL]. Pages 53–54.

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<p n="1-3">Fortune! This is the divine serpent of the king. Whoever respects him, for him jewels fall from heaven. Whoever insults him, he will remain for a thousand years in hell, with seven generations of his.</p>

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<p n="1-3">Succès ! Ceci est le saint <foreign>nāga</foreign> du roi. Quiconque le traite doucement....... des joyaux tombent ciel ; quiconque l'insulte...... pendant 1000 années <supplied reason="subaudible">il souffre</supplied> aux enfers avec sept générations de sa famille.</p>

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