An Thái stela (C. 138), 824 Śaka

Editors: Salomé Pichon, Arlo Griffiths, Amandine Lepoutre.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIC00138.

Hand description:

The lettering is characteristic of the tenth century CE.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Campa (tfc-campa-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-12-18 18:36 (934784c), last modified 2024-05-08 15:13 (62a9f9c).

⟨Face A⟩ ⟨A01⟩ [✤namo lo]kanāthā[ya]✤

⟨A1⟩ svasti||

I. Indravajrā

yena [⏑––⏑⏑–⏑]mūrttir

vyaktaika [––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓]

[––⏑⏑––] śura [–⏑] bhaugrais

tasmai namaḥ ⟨A2⟩ kāruṇikāya nityam·||

II. Sragdharā

[––––⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑––⏑––]

[––––⏑––⏑⏑]pyamātra vālabhito ⟨A3⟩ rakaivākrandamānā

[––––] parāvā [⏑⏑] vigatasukhā lohadaṇḍābhighātāḥ

smr̥tvā lokeśvaran tvāṁ pra(ma)⟨A4⟩(thita)duritaṁ kevalaṁ mokṣam āpuḥ||

III. Sragdharā

mārair ugraiḥ parītāś ciram api manujāḥ pūrvva-karmmānuraktā

nistrāṇā ni⟨A5⟩(tyaduḥkhā)ḥ parama-kaluṣitāḥ kṣutpipāsābhibhūtāḥ

pūrvvañ cādānadoṣāt sugata-vimukhataḥ prāpta-kāpāla-haste

⟨A6⟩ (padmabh)r̥dvajrapāṇipraśamitanirayaṁ (b)uddhamārggaṁ samāpuḥ||

IV. Āryā

śrī-bhadravarmma-nr̥pates tasya mato tyanta-ballabhatva⟨A7⟩matiḥ

sujanāṅghri-yugala-sevī ca (nāga)puṣpa-sthavira-nāmā||

V. Anuṣṭubh

lokeśvarañ jagadvyāptaṁ

śraddhābhāvair atiṣṭhi⟨A8⟩pat·°

pr̥thivīkīrttaye so smai

dharmmadeśanayāhitaḥ||

VI. Indravajrā

lokapra [––] ntrayaśoṁśuśuddha-

campādhipas sa⟨A9⟩rvvasukhapradātā°

śrī-Indravarmmā sa surendravarmmā

tadvattr̥dhameva cakāra tasmin·||

VII. Āryā

karuṇāmr̥tarasa⟨A10⟩rasikaḥ kevalam eva prajāhitāspadakr̥t·°

yo muktiṁ sa ca nikhilāṁ pramuditalokeśvarā⟨A11⟩yādāt·||

VIII. Anuṣṭubh

vajradhātur asau pūrvvaṁ

śrīśākyamuniśāsanāt·°

ś¿u?⟨ū⟩nyo pi vajradhr̥ddhetuḥ

buddhānām āla⟨A12⟩yo bhavat·||

IX. Anuṣṭubh

padmadhātur ato loke-

śvarahetur jjinālayaḥ°

Amitābhavacoyuktyā

⟨A13⟩ ✤✤mahāś¿u?⟨ū⟩nyo babhūva ha||✤✤

X. anuṣṭhubh

⟨Face B⟩

⟨B1⟩ cakradhātur asau śunyā°-

tīto v(ai)rocanājñayā°

vajrasutvasya hetuḥ syā°-

t tr̥tīyo ⟨B2⟩ bhūj jinālayaḥ||

XI. anuṣṭhubh

nāgapuṣpāhvayo bhāti°

sthāviras tulyaśīladhīḥ°

pūrvveṇa nāgapuṣpākhye°-

nātma⟨B3⟩vaṁśena bhikṣuṇā°||

Asmai śrīpramuditalokeśvaravihārāya tatpuṇyāya yat sarvvam idaṁ ⟨B4⟩ kṣetraṁ śrībhadravarmmadevas tadanujñayā dattavān·° punar api sa śrī Indravarmmadevaḥ sakalarājādhi⟨B5⟩rājaḥ tadanugrahasadbhāvāt· tad eva niyukta¿m?⟨vān⟩m·||

XII. upajāti of triṣṭubh

gate śakābde yugakarṇṇakāyaiḥ

jye⟨B6⟩ṣthasya śukle navame dine yam·°

tena pratiṣṭhāpit¿ayā?⟨a ā⟩tmakīrttyai

śrīlokanātha⟨B7⟩s tu sa jīvavāre||°||

mutiy·-dai-kṣetraṁ° kravāv·-kṣetraṁ° vuyat·-kṣetraṁ° glāṁ-kṣetraṁ° ⟨B8⟩ durī-kṣetraṁ° vyauv·-kṣetraṁ° klov·-huviy·-kṣetraṁ° jrāy·-kṣetraṁ° tupaṁṅ·-kṣetraṁ°||°|| ⟨B9⟩ drain·-kṣetraṁ° krat·-kṣetraṁ° jalān·-ṅauk·-kṣetraṁ||

Face A
⟨A01⟩ [✤namo lo]kanāthā[ya]✤ 
⟨A1⟩ svasti||  yena [⏑––⏑⏑–⏑]mūrttir vyaktaika [––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [––⏑⏑––] śura [–⏑] bhaugrais tasmai namaḥ 
⟨A2⟩  kāruṇikāya nityam·||   [––––⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑––⏑––] [––––⏑––⏑⏑]pyamātra vālabhito 
⟨A3⟩  rakaivākrandamānā [––––] parāvā [⏑⏑] vigatasukhā lohadaṇḍābhighātāḥ smr̥tvā lokeśvaran tvāṁ pra(ma)-
⟨A4⟩ (thita)duritaṁ kevalaṁ mokṣam āpuḥ||_   mārair ugraiḥ parītāś ciram api manujāḥ pūrvva-karmmānuraktā nistrāṇā ni-
⟨A5⟩ (tyaduḥkhā)ḥ parama-kaluṣitāḥ kṣutpipāsābhibhūtāḥ pūrvvañ cādānadoṣāt sugata-vimukhataḥ prāpta-kāpāla-haste 
⟨A6⟩ (padmabh)r̥dvajrapāṇipraśamitanirayaṁ (b)uddhamārggaṁ samāpuḥ||   śrī-bhadravarmma-nr̥pates tasya mato tyanta-ballabhatva-
⟨A7⟩ matiḥ sujanāṅghri-yugala-sevī ca (nāga)puṣpa-sthavira-nāmā||   lokeśvarañ jagadvyāptaṁ śraddhābhāvair atiṣṭhi-
⟨A8⟩ pat·° pr̥thivīkīrttaye so smai dharmmadeśanayāhitaḥ||   lokapra [––] ntrayaśoṁśuśuddha- campādhipas sa-
⟨A9⟩ rvvasukhapradātā° śrī-Indravarmmā sa surendravarmmā tadvattr̥dhameva cakāra tasmin·||   karuṇāmr̥tarasa-
⟨A10⟩ rasikaḥ kevalam eva prajāhitāspadakr̥t·° yo muktiṁ sa ca nikhilāṁ pramuditalokeśvarā-
⟨A11⟩ yādāt·||   vajradhātur asau pūrvvaṁ śrīśākyamuniśāsanāt·° ś¿u?⟨ū⟩nyo pi vajradhr̥ddhetuḥ buddhānām āla-
⟨A12⟩ yo bhavat·||   padmadhātur ato loke- śvarahetur jjinālayaḥ° Amitābhavacoyuktyā 
⟨A13⟩ ✤_✤_mahāś¿u?⟨ū⟩nyo babhūva ha||_✤_✤  
Face B
⟨B1⟩ cakradhātur asau śunyā°- tīto v(ai)rocanājñayā° vajrasutvasya hetuḥ syā°- t tr̥tīyo 
⟨B2⟩  bhūj jinālayaḥ||   nāgapuṣpāhvayo bhāti° sthāviras tulyaśīladhīḥ° pūrvveṇa nāgapuṣpākhye°- nātma-
⟨B3⟩ vaṁśena bhikṣuṇā°||  Asmai śrīpramuditalokeśvaravihārāya tatpuṇyāya yat sarvvam idaṁ 
⟨B4⟩ kṣetraṁ śrībhadravarmmadevas tadanujñayā dattavān·° punar api sa śrī Indravarmmadevaḥ sakalarājādhi-
⟨B5⟩ rājaḥ tadanugrahasadbhāvāt· tad eva niyukta¿m?⟨vān⟩m·||   gate śakābde yugakarṇṇakāyaiḥ jye-
⟨B6⟩ ṣthasya śukle navame dine yam·° tena pratiṣṭhāpit¿ayā?⟨a ā⟩tmakīrttyai śrīlokanātha-
⟨B7⟩ s tu sa jīvavāre||°||   mutiy·-dai-kṣetraṁ° kravāv·-kṣetraṁ° vuyat·-kṣetraṁ° glāṁ-kṣetraṁ° 
⟨B8⟩ durī-kṣetraṁ° vyauv·-kṣetraṁ° klov·-huviy·-kṣetraṁ° jrāy·-kṣetraṁ° tupaṁṅ·-kṣetraṁ°||°|| 
⟨B9⟩ drain·-kṣetraṁ° krat·-kṣetraṁ° jalān·-ṅauk·-kṣetraṁ||  

⟨Face A⟩ ⟨A01⟩ [✤namo lo]kanāthā[ya]✤

⟨A1⟩ svasti||

I. Indravajrā

yena [⏑––⏑⏑–⏑]mūrttir

vyaktaika [––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓]

[––⏑⏑––] śura [–⏑] bhaugrais

tasmai namaḥ ⟨A2⟩ kāruṇikāya nityam·||

II. Sragdharā

[––––⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑––⏑––]

[––––⏑––⏑⏑]pyamātra vālabhito ⟨A3⟩ rakaivākrandamānā

[––––] parāvā [⏑⏑] vigatasukhā lohadaṇḍābhighātāḥ

smr̥tvā lokeśvaran tvāṁ pra(ma)⟨A4⟩(thita)duritaṁ kevalaṁ mokṣam āpuḥ||_

III. Sragdharā

mārair ugraiḥ parītāś ciram api manujāḥ pūrvva-karmmānuraktā

nistrāṇā ni⟨A5⟩(tyaduḥkhā)ḥ parama-kaluṣitāḥ kṣutpipāsābhibhūtāḥ

pūrvvañ cādānadoṣāt sugata-vimukhataḥ prāpta-kāpāla-haste

⟨A6⟩ (padmabh)r̥dvajrapāṇipraśamitanirayaṁ (b)uddhamārggaṁ samāpuḥ||

IV. Āryā

śrī-bhadravarmma-nr̥pates tasya mato tyanta-ballabhatva⟨A7⟩matiḥ

sujanāṅghri-yugala-sevī ca (nāga)puṣpa-sthavira-nāmā||

V. Anuṣṭubh

lokeśvarañ jagadvyāptaṁ

śraddhābhāvair atiṣṭhi⟨A8⟩pat·°

pr̥thivīkīrttaye so smai

dharmmadeśanayāhitaḥ||

VI. Indravajrā

lokapra [––] ntrayaśoṁśuśuddha-

campādhipas sa⟨A9⟩rvvasukhapradātā°

śrī-Indravarmmā sa surendravarmmā

tadvattr̥dhameva cakāra tasmin·||

VII. Āryā

karuṇāmr̥tarasa⟨A10⟩rasikaḥ kevalam eva prajāhitāspadakr̥t·°

yo muktiṁ sa ca nikhilāṁ pramuditalokeśvarā⟨A11⟩yādāt·||

VIII. Anuṣṭubh

vajradhātur asau pūrvvaṁ

śrīśākyamuniśāsanāt·°

ś¿u?⟨ū⟩nyo pi vajradhr̥ddhetuḥ

buddhānām āla⟨A12⟩yo bhavat·||

IX. Anuṣṭubh

padmadhātur ato loke-

śvarahetur jjinālayaḥ°

Amitābhavacoyuktyā

⟨A13⟩ ✤_✤_mahāś¿u?⟨ū⟩nyo babhūva ha||_✤_✤

X. anuṣṭhubh

⟨Face B⟩

⟨B1⟩ cakradhātur asau śunyā°-

tīto v(ai)rocanājñayā°

vajrasutvasya hetuḥ syā°-

t tr̥tīyo ⟨B2⟩ bhūj jinālayaḥ||

XI. anuṣṭhubh

nāgapuṣpāhvayo bhāti°

sthāviras tulyaśīladhīḥ°

pūrvveṇa nāgapuṣpākhye°-

nātma⟨B3⟩vaṁśena bhikṣuṇā°||

XII. upajāti of triṣṭubh

gate śakābde yugakarṇṇakāyaiḥ

jye⟨B6⟩ṣthasya śukle navame dine yam·°

tena pratiṣṭhāpit¿ayā?⟨a ā⟩tmakīrttyai

śrīlokanātha⟨B7⟩s tu sa jīvavāre||°||

Apparatus

⟨A3⟩ lokeśvaran tvāṁ pra(mathita)duritaṁ kevalaṁ mokṣam ⬦ lokeśvara [8+] kevalamokṣam H.

⟨A4⟩ nistrāṇā ni(tyaduḥkhā)ḥ parama° ⬦ nistrāṇā [–⏑–] parama° H • The stone is quite worn here, but the proposed restitution seems to agree unproblematically with whatever traces remain visible.

⟨A5⟩ prāptakāpālahaste ⬦ prāpta[–⏑–] H • His scansion is deficient by two syllables.

⟨A6⟩ (padmabh)r̥dvajrapāṇi- ⬦ [–––] vajrapāṇi- H • The restoration was proposed by Kazuo Kano. — ⟨A6⟩ °nr̥pates ⬦ °nr̥pateḥ H. — ⟨A6⟩ °ballabha° ⬦ °vallabha° H.

⟨A7⟩ °sevī ca (nāga)puṣpasthavira° ⬦ °sevī nāgapuṣpasthāvira° H • Unmetrical, presumably in part due to influence from st. XI

⟨A8⟩ dharmmadeśanayāhitaḥ ⬦ dharmmadeśanayā hitaḥ H. — ⟨A8⟩ lokapra [––] ntrayaśo- ⬦ loka [⏑–⏑] yaśo- H • There seems to be another subscript r between pra and ntra. lokaprabhāmuttra ; lokapramodāttraya- ; lokapramodamāttra- ; lokapraśānty attra ; lokapraśāstrattra. — ⟨A8⟩ -śuddha- ⬦ -śuddhaḥ H.

⟨A9⟩ tadvattr̥dhameva ⬦ tadvatkr̥tam eva H • For Huber’s second ta, the actual reading quite clearly cannot be ta. The options seem to be dha or ca. Either way, the text is unmetrical, for a long syllable is required here. One could also read ttr̥ with subscript t instead of k. On this basis, I accept a conjecture proposed by Yuko Yokochi: tadvattr̥dhameva, substandard spelling for tadvattridhāmaiva. tadvat kūṭam? ; tadvad bhr̥śam eva? ; tad vaktr̥dhāmeva ; tad vaktr̥ṇām eva ; tadvan nr̥ṇām eva ; tadvan nr̥po va

⟨A11⟩ ś¿u?⟨ū⟩nyo ⬦ śūnyo H.

⟨A13⟩ mahāś¿u?⟨ū⟩nyo ⬦ mahāśūnyo H.

⟨B1⟩ vajrasutvasya ⬦ vajrasattvasya H • Huber’s is the expected reading (with normalized sppeling ttv), but the presence of the vocalization u is undeniable.

⟨B3⟩ °vihārāya ⬦ °viharāya H.

⟨B5⟩ °sadbhāvāt ⬦ °saṅbhāvāt H.

⟨B7⟩ dai ⬦ day H.

Translation by Arlo Griffiths and Salomé Pichon

(B7–B9) Mutiy Dai field (field-hut field?); Kravāv field (buffaloe); Vuyat field; Glāṁ field (Melaleuca tree); Durī field (thorn); Vyauv field (banana); Klov Huviy (rattan forest? root forest?); Jrāy field; Tupaṁṅ field (stump field). Drain field; Krat field (moral laws field?); Jalān Ṅauk (road above field).

Translation into French by Huber 1911

I–II

(Invocation mutilée à Avalokiteśvara, le Miséricordieux par excellence. Tel est son pouvoir que les damnés de l’Enfer n’ont qu’à invoquer son nom pour être délivrés immédiatement.)

III

Des hommes, marqués par leurs péchés, demeurent sans espoir [dans l’enfer], entourés pour l’éternité des terribles serviteurs de Māra, dans une condition affreuse, torturés par la faim et la soif ; d’autres, pour ne pas avoir pratiqué la charité sur la terre, tombent loin du Sugata dans...; [par l’intervention d’Avalokiteśvara] ils échappent à l’enfer que leur ouvre Vajrapāṇi et ils obtiennent le salut qu’a apporté le Buddha.

IV

Le roi śrī Bhadravarman avait un ami qu’il honorait et chérissait entre tous, dévoué au service des hommes vertueux : il s’appelait le sthāvira Nāgapuṣpa.

V

Désirant répandre sa gloire sur toute la terre et se réjouissant à entendre expliquer la Loi, il batit pour Nāgapuṣpa un [monastère placé sous le vocable d’]Avalokiteśvara, car le roi était plein de foi et d’amour pour lui qui est omniprésent dans le monde.

VI

De même agit envers lui le protégé du roi des dieux, Indravarman, souverain du Campā, le dispensateur de tous les bienfaits, lui qui resplendit des rayons de la Gloire que lui procure [la victoire sur].... le monde.

VII

Car ce roi, qui est parfumé par l’ambroisie de la miséricorde et dévoué uniquement au bien de ses sujets, a accordé plein exemption d’impôts au monastère Pramuditalokeśvara.

VIII

Jadis Vajradhātu, par ordre de Śākyamuni, devint un réceptacle des Buddhas, lui qui, tout en étant le Néant, est la cause efficiente de Vajradhara.

IX

Ensuite Padmadhātu, qui est le Grand Néant et la cause efficiente d’Avalokiteśvara, devint, par ordre d’Amitābha, un réceptacle des Buddhas.

X

Enfin Cakradhātu, qui est le Néant transcendant et la cause efficiente de Vajrasatva, par ordre de Vairocana, fut le troisième réceptacle des Buddhas.

XI

Le sthāvira Nāgapuṣpa, dont la piété égale l’intelligence, est célèbre par les liens de parenté qui l’unissent au bhikṣu Nāgapuṣpa l’ancien.

(B3–B5) Au monastère de Śrī-Pramuditalokeśvara, son œuvre pie, le roi Bhadravarma avait, par sa sanction, conféré des champs. Par faveur pour lui (Nāgapuṣpa) le roi Indravarman, roi suprême de tous les rois, a confirmé la donation de tous ces champs.

XII

En śaka 824 (yuga-karṇa-kāya), le neuvième jour de la quinzaine claire du mois de jyaiṣṭha, un jeudi, il (Nāgapuṣpa) consacra ce Lokanātha.

(B7–B9) (Enumération de douze champs.)

Commentary

(A01) Except for the two fleurons, which he ignored, this is how Huber read the invocation. The text was too damaged here already at the time the estampage was made to retrieve any part of the invocation with confidence, except the second fleuron.

(A1) I c. śuretipautrais?

(A3) II d. there seems to be an unwanted anusvāra inside lokeśvaran, i.e. lokeśvaṁran. check the stone.

(A3–A4) II d. or better: praśamitaduritaṁ? cf. praśamita in l. 6.

(A4–A5) III a+b. If ° signs were written at the end of these two pādas, they can only be read now with much good will. It seems quite likely that none were written at all.

(A5) III c. -vimukhataḥ: emend -vimukhitāḥ?

(A9) VI c. or read sasurendravarmmā?

(A13) IX d. fleurons filling the space on both sides of the centered pāda d.

(B1) X ab. ś(ū)nyā°tīto v(ai)rocanājñayā: possibly the actual spelling was śunyātīto verocanājñayā. The stone is too worn here to be sure.

(B8) huviy·: one could possibly read huriy·.

Bibliography

First edited by E. Huber (1911). Then re-edited by R. C. Majumdar (1927) and by K.-H. Golzio (2004). The text is re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths from the estampage EFEO n. 155a and n. 155b, with a fresh translation.

Primary

[H] Huber, Edouard. 1911. “Études indochinoises VIII-XII.” BEFEO 11 (3-4), pp. 259–311. Pages 277–282.

Secondary

Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra. 1927. Ancient Indian colonies in the Far East, Vol. I: Champa. Punjab Oriental (Sanskrit) Series 16. Lahore: The Punjab Sanskrit Book Depot. [URL]. Book III, pages 105–109, item 37.

Golzio, Karl-Heinz. 2004. Inscriptions of Campā: Based on the editions and translations of Abel Bergaigne, Étienne Aymonier, Louis Finot, Édouard Huber and other French scholars and of the work of R. C. Majumdar; newly presented, with minor corrections of texts and translations, together with calculations of given dates. Aachen: Shaker Verlag. Pages 89–92.

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The lettering is characteristic of the tenth century CE.

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The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

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Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.

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Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the <ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.

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<change who="part:sapi" when="2023-01-13" status="draft">Addition of placeName tagging</change>

<change who="part:sapi" when="2021-01-14">started initial encoding of the inscription</change>

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<ab><milestone type="pagelike" unit="face" n="A"/><lb n="A01"/><supplied reason="lost"><g type="floretComplex"/>namo lo</supplied>kanāthā<supplied reason="lost">ya</supplied><g type="floretComplex"/></ab>

<lb n="A1"/>svasti<g type="ddandaPlain">.</g>

<l n="a">yena <seg met="-++--+-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character"/></seg>mūrttir</l>

<l n="b">vyaktaika <seg met="++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="8" unit="character"/></seg></l>

<l n="c"><seg met="++--++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg> śura <seg met="+-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg> bhaugrais</l>

<l n="d">tasmai namaḥ <lb n="A2"/> kāruṇikāya nityam·<g type="ddandaPlain">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="b"><seg met="++++-++--"><gap reason="lost" quantity="9" unit="character"/></seg>pyamātra vālabhito <lb n="A3"/> rakaivākrandamānā</l>

<l n="c"><seg met="++++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg> parāvā <seg met="--"><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg> vigatasukhā lohadaṇḍābhighātāḥ</l>

<l n="d">smr̥tvā lokeśvaran tvāṁ pra<unclear>ma</unclear><lb n="A4" break="no"/><unclear>thita</unclear>duritaṁ kevalaṁ mokṣam āpuḥ<g type="ddandaPlain">.</g><space/></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">mārair ugraiḥ parītāś ciram api manujāḥ pūrvva-karmmānuraktā</l>

<l n="b">nistrāṇā ni<lb n="A5" break="no"/><unclear>tyaduḥkhā</unclear>ḥ parama-kaluṣitāḥ kṣutpipāsābhibhūtāḥ</l>

<l n="c">pūrvvañ cādānadoṣāt sugata-vimukhataḥ prāpta-kāpāla-haste</l>

<l n="d"><lb n="A6"/><unclear>padmabh</unclear>r̥dvajrapāṇipraśamitanirayaṁ <unclear>b</unclear>uddhamārggaṁ samāpuḥ<g type="ddandaPlain">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="ab">śrī-bhadravarmma-nr̥pates tasya mato tyanta-ballabhatva<lb n="A7" break="no"/>matiḥ</l>

<l n="cd">sujanāṅghri-yugala-sevī ca <unclear>nāga</unclear>puṣpa-sthavira-nāmā<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">lokeśvarañ jagadvyāptaṁ</l>

<l n="b">śraddhābhāvair atiṣṭhi<lb n="A8" break="no"/>pat·<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="c">pr̥thivīkīrttaye so smai</l>

<l n="d">dharmmadeśanayāhitaḥ<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a" enjamb="yes">lokapra <seg met="++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg> ntrayaśoṁśuśuddha</l>

<l n="b"><placeName type="region" subtype="country" key="Campā">campā</placeName>dhipas sa<lb n="A9" break="no"/>rvvasukhapradātā<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="c">śrī-Indravarmmā sa surendravarmmā</l>

<l n="d">tadvattr̥dhameva cakāra tasmin·<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="ab">karuṇāmr̥tarasa<lb n="A10" break="no"/>rasikaḥ kevalam eva prajāhitāspadakr̥t·<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="cd">yo muktiṁ sa ca nikhilāṁ <placeName type="builtPlace" subtype="monastery" key="Pramuditalokeśvara">pramuditalokeśvarā</placeName><lb n="A11" break="no"/>yādāt·<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">vajradhātur asau pūrvvaṁ</l>

<l n="b">śrīśākyamuniśāsanāt·<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="c">ś<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>nyo pi vajradhr̥ddhetuḥ</l>

<l n="d">buddhānām āla<lb n="A12" break="no"/>yo bhavat·<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a" enjamb="yes">padmadhātur ato loke</l>

<l n="b">śvarahetur jjinālayaḥ<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="c">Amitābhavacoyuktyā</l>

<l n="d"><lb n="A13"/><g type="floretQuatrefoil"/><space/><g type="floretQuatrefoil"/><space/>mahāś<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>nyo babhūva ha<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g><space/><g type="floretQuatrefoil"/><space/><g type="floretQuatrefoil"/></l>

</lg>

<l n="a" enjamb="yes"><lb n="B1"/>cakradhātur asau śunyā<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="b">tīto v<unclear>ai</unclear>rocanājñayā<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="c" enjamb="yes">vajrasutvasya hetuḥ syā<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="d">t tr̥tīyo <lb n="B2"/> bhūj jinālayaḥ<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">nāgapuṣpāhvayo bhāti<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="b">sthāviras tulyaśīladhīḥ<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="c" enjamb="yes">pūrvveṇa nāgapuṣpākhye<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="d">nātma<lb n="B3" break="no"/>vaṁśena bhikṣuṇā<g type="dotMid">.</g><g type="ddandaHooked">.</g></l>

</lg>

Asmai śrī<placeName type="builtPlace" subtype="monastery" key="Pramuditalokeśvara">pramuditalokeśvara</placeName>vihārāya tatpuṇyāya yat sarvvam idaṁ

<lb n="B4"/>kṣetraṁ śrībhadravarmmadevas tadanujñayā dattavān·<g type="dotMid">.</g> punar api sa śrī Indravarmmadevaḥ sakalarājādhi<lb n="B5" break="no"/>rājaḥ tadanugrahasadbhāvāt· tad eva niyukta<choice><sic>m</sic><corr>vān</corr></choice>m·<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g>

<l n="a">gate śakābde yugakarṇṇakāyaiḥ</l>

<l n="b">jye<lb n="B6" break="no"/>ṣthasya śukle navame dine yam·<g type="dotMid">.</g></l>

<l n="c">tena pratiṣṭhāpit<choice><sic>ayā</sic><corr>a ā</corr></choice>tmakīrttyai</l>

<l n="d">śrīlokanātha<lb n="B7" break="no"/>s tu sa jīvavāre<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g><g type="dotMid">.</g><g type="ddandaHooked">.</g></l>

</lg>

<placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Mutiy Dai">mutiy·-dai</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g> <placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Kravāv">kravāv·</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g> <placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Vuyat">vuyat·</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g> <placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Glāṁ">glāṁ</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g>

<lb n="B8"/><placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Durī">durī</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g> <placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Vyauv">vyauv·</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g> <placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Klov Huviy">klov·-huviy·</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g> <placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Jrāy">jrāy·</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g> <placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Tupaṁṅ">tupaṁṅ·</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g><g type="ddandaHooked">.</g><g type="dotMid">.</g><g type="ddandaHooked">.</g>

<lb n="B9"/><placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Drain">drain·</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g> <placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Krat">krat·</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="dotMid">.</g> <placeName type="cultivation" subtype="field" key="Jalān Ṅauk">jalān·-ṅauk·</placeName>-kṣetraṁ<g type="ddandaHooked">.</g>

</div>

<lem>lokeśvaran tvāṁ pra<unclear>mathita</unclear>duritaṁ kevalaṁ mokṣam</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">lokeśvara <gap reason="lost" quantity="8" unit="character"/> kevalamokṣam</rdg>

</app>

<lem>nistrāṇā ni<unclear>tyaduḥkhā</unclear>ḥ parama° </lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">nistrāṇā <seg met="+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg> parama°</rdg>

<note>The stone is quite worn here, but the proposed restitution seems to agree unproblematically with whatever traces remain visible.</note>

</app>

<lem>prāptakāpālahaste</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">prāpta<seg met="+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg></rdg>

<note>His scansion is deficient by two syllables.</note>

</app>

<lem><unclear>padmabh</unclear>r̥dvajrapāṇi-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01"><seg met="+++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg> vajrapāṇi-</rdg>

<note>The restoration was proposed by Kazuo Kano.</note>

</app>

<lem>°nr̥pates</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">°nr̥pateḥ</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°ballabha°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">°vallabha°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°sevī ca <unclear>nāga</unclear>puṣpasthavira°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">°sevī nāgapuṣpasthāvira°</rdg>

<note>Unmetrical, presumably in part due to influence from st. XI</note>

</app>

<lem>dharmmadeśanayāhitaḥ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">dharmmadeśanayā hitaḥ</rdg>

</app>

<lem>lokapra <seg met="++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg> ntrayaśo-</lem>

<note>There seems to be another subscript r between pra and ntra. lokaprabhāmuttra ; lokapramodāttraya- ; lokapramodamāttra- ; lokapraśānty attra ; lokapraśāstrattra.</note>

</app>

<lem>-śuddha-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">-śuddhaḥ</rdg>

</app>

<lem>tadvattr̥dhameva</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">tadvatkr̥tam eva </rdg>

<note>For Huber’s second ta, the actual reading quite clearly cannot be ta. The options seem to be dha or ca. Either way, the text is unmetrical, for a long syllable is required here. One could also read ttr̥ with subscript t instead of k. On this basis, I accept a conjecture proposed by Yuko Yokochi: tadvattr̥dhameva, substandard spelling for tadvattridhāmaiva. tadvat kūṭam? ; tadvad bhr̥śam eva? ; tad vaktr̥dhāmeva ; tad vaktr̥ṇām eva ; tadvan nr̥ṇām eva ; tadvan nr̥po va</note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">śūnyo</rdg>

</app>

<lem>mahāś<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>nyo</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">mahāśūnyo</rdg>

</app>

<lem>vajrasutvasya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">vajrasattvasya</rdg>

<note>Huber’s is the expected reading (with normalized sppeling ttv), but the presence of the vocalization u is undeniable.</note>

</app>

<lem>°vihārāya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">°viharāya</rdg>

</app>

<lem>°sadbhāvāt</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Huber1911_01">°saṅbhāvāt</rdg>

</app>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Mutiy Dai field <supplied reason="explanation">field-hut field?</supplied>; Kravāv field <supplied reason="explanation">buffaloe</supplied>; Vuyat field; Glāṁ field <supplied reason="explanation">Melaleuca tree</supplied>; Durī field <supplied reason="explanation">thorn</supplied>; Vyauv field <supplied reason="explanation">banana</supplied>; Klov Huviy <supplied reason="explanation">rattan forest? root forest?</supplied>; Jrāy field; Tupaṁṅ field <supplied reason="explanation">stump field</supplied>. Drain field; Krat field <supplied reason="explanation">moral laws field?</supplied>;

Jalān Ṅauk <supplied reason="explanation">road above field</supplied>.

</div>

<supplied reason="explanation">Invocation mutilée à Avalokiteśvara, le Miséricordieux par excellence. Tel est son pouvoir que les damnés de l'Enfer n'ont qu'à invoquer son nom pour être délivrés immédiatement.</supplied>

Des hommes, marqués par leurs péchés, demeurent sans espoir <supplied reason="subaudible">dans l'enfer</supplied>, entourés pour l'éternité des terribles serviteurs de Māra, dans une condition affreuse, torturés par la faim et la soif ; d'autres, pour ne pas avoir pratiqué la charité sur la terre, tombent loin du Sugata dans...; <supplied reason="subaudible">par l'intervention d'Avalokiteśvara</supplied> ils échappent à l'enfer que leur ouvre Vajrapāṇi et ils obtiennent le salut qu'a apporté le Buddha.

Le roi <foreign>śrī</foreign> Bhadravarman avait un ami qu'il honorait et chérissait entre tous, dévoué au service des hommes vertueux : il s'appelait le <foreign>sthāvira</foreign> Nāgapuṣpa.

Désirant répandre sa gloire sur toute la terre et se réjouissant à entendre expliquer la Loi, il batit pour Nāgapuṣpa un <supplied reason="subaudible">monastère placé sous le vocable d'</supplied>Avalokiteśvara, car le roi était plein de foi et d'amour pour lui qui est omniprésent dans le monde.

De même agit envers lui le protégé du roi des dieux, Indravarman, souverain du Campā, le dispensateur de tous les bienfaits, lui qui resplendit des rayons de la Gloire que lui procure <supplied reason="subaudible">la victoire sur</supplied>.... le monde.

Car ce roi, qui est parfumé par l'ambroisie de la miséricorde et dévoué uniquement au bien de ses sujets, a accordé plein exemption d'impôts au monastère Pramuditalokeśvara.

Jadis Vajradhātu, par ordre de Śākyamuni, devint un réceptacle des Buddhas, lui qui, tout en étant le Néant, est la cause efficiente de Vajradhara.

Ensuite Padmadhātu, qui est le Grand Néant et la cause efficiente d'Avalokiteśvara, devint, par ordre d'Amitābha, un réceptacle des Buddhas.

Enfin Cakradhātu, qui est le Néant transcendant et la cause efficiente de Vajrasatva, par ordre de Vairocana, fut le troisième réceptacle des Buddhas.

Le <foreign>sthāvira</foreign> Nāgapuṣpa, dont la piété égale l'intelligence, est célèbre par les liens de parenté qui l'unissent au <foreign>bhikṣu</foreign> Nāgapuṣpa l'ancien.

Au monastère de <foreign>Śrī</foreign>-Pramuditalokeśvara, son œuvre pie, le roi Bhadravarma avait, par sa sanction, conféré des champs. Par faveur pour lui <supplied reason="explanation">Nāgapuṣpa</supplied> le roi Indravarman, roi suprême de tous les rois, a confirmé la donation de tous ces champs.

En śaka 824 <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yuga-karṇa-kāya</foreign></supplied>, le neuvième jour de la quinzaine claire du mois de <foreign>jyaiṣṭha</foreign>, un jeudi, il <supplied reason="explanation">Nāgapuṣpa</supplied> consacra ce Lokanātha.

<supplied reason="explanation">Enumération de douze champs.</supplied>

</div>

Except for the two fleurons, which he ignored, this is how Huber read the invocation. The text was too damaged here already at the time the estampage was made to retrieve any part of the invocation with confidence, except the second fleuron.

I c. śuretipautrais?

II d. there seems to be an unwanted anusvāra inside lokeśvaran, i.e. lokeśvaṁran. check the stone.

II d. or better: praśamitaduritaṁ? cf. praśamita in l. 6.

III a+b. If <g type="dotMid">.</g> signs were written at the end of these two pādas, they can only be read now with much good will. It seems quite likely that none were written at all.

III c. -vimukhataḥ: emend -vimukhitāḥ?

VI c. or read sasurendravarmmā?

IX d. fleurons filling the space on both sides of the centered pāda d.

X ab. ś<unclear>ū</unclear>nyā<g type="dotMid">.</g>tīto v<unclear>ai</unclear>rocanājñayā: possibly the actual spelling was śunyātīto verocanājñayā. The stone is too worn here to be sure.

huviy·: one could possibly read huriy·.

</div>

First edited by E. Huber (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Huber1911_01"/></bibl>). Then re-edited by R. C. Majumdar (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Majumdar1927_01"/></bibl>) and by K.-H. Golzio (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Golzio2004_01"/></bibl>). The text is re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths from the estampage EFEO n. 155a and n. 155b, with a fresh translation.

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