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                <title>Kōvintapputtūr / Govindapputtūr, Gaṅgājaṭādhara temple, time of Rājakesarivarman, year 7</title>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp key="creator">author of digital edition</resp>
                    <persName ref="part:vagi">
                        <forename>Valérie</forename>
                        <surname>Gillet</surname>
                    </persName>
                    <persName ref="part:emfr">
                        <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
                        <surname>Francis</surname>
                    </persName>
                </respStmt>
            <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
                <pubPlace>Paris, CEIAS</pubPlace>
                <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00526.xml</idno>
            <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date></publicationStmt>
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                    <msIdentifier><repository>as per external metadata</repository></msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                        <summary><p>On the lowest part of the base of the northern façade: begins on the western side of the <foreign>gomukha</foreign> on the <foreign>ardha-maṇḍapa</foreign> and continues on the <foreign>antarala</foreign> (zone A); lines 7-11 are on the lowest part of the base of the sanctuary, on the eastern side (zone B). Regnal year 7 of Kōrājarājakesarivarman = Rājarāja I (<foreign>circa</foreign> 992 CE). There is no <foreign>svasti śrī</foreign> at the beginning of this inscription; many passages of this inscription remain illegible, and the translation is thus fragmentary.</p>
                            
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            <change who="part:emfr" when="2025-06-12" status="draft">Further conversion of digital encoding to DHARMA encoding scheme according to EGD (Encoding Guide for Diplomatic Editions)</change>
            <change who="part:mime" when="2025-06-10" status="draft">Conversion to DHARMA encoding scheme according to EGD (Encoding Guide for Diplomatic Editions)</change>
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                <p>
                    <milestone n="A" unit="zone" type="pagelike"/>
                    <lb n="1"/>kō-Irā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>-rā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>kēcari-<supplied reason="omitted">pa</supplied><hi rend="grantha">nma</hi><reg>r</reg>kki yāṇṭu Ēḻ-āvatu
                </p>
                <p>vaṭa-karai-<hi rend="grantha">brahmade</hi>yam periya <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-<unclear>vā</unclear>ṉavaṉ<hi rend="grantha">-mahā</hi>tēvi-<hi rend="grantha">ca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha">rvve</hi>ti-maṅkalattu peruṅ-kuṟi-p ‡ <unclear>pe</unclear>ru-mma<unclear>kka</unclear>‡ḷ<unclear>ō</unclear>m I<unclear>yā</unclear><unclear>ṭ</unclear>ṭai-t tu<unclear>lā-nā</unclear>yaṟṟu-c cani<unclear>k</unclear>
                    <lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost">ki</supplied>ḻamai peṟṟa Iraivati nāṉṟu peruṅ-ku<unclear>ṟi</unclear> kāṭṭi p<unclear>ō</unclear>ntu namm-uṭaiya <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-vi<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>ya-maṅkalam-uṭaiya <hi rend="grantha">mahā</hi>tēvar kōyil tiru-muṟṟa<supplied reason="lost">t</supplied>t<supplied reason="lost">ē</supplied>y kūṭṭa kuṟai va‡<unclear>ṟa kū</unclear>ṭi Iruntu <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>n</unclear>tu I <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-vi<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>ya-maṅ<unclear>kala-t</unclear>ēvar
                    <lb n="3"/>k<unclear>ō</unclear><!--kompu lost-->yil <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-vimāṉam kallā<supplied reason="omitted">l</supplied> Eḻunt-aruḷḷuvitta Uṭaiyār perun-tiṟattu kuvaḷḷālam-uṭaiyāṉ Ampalavaṉ <unclear>paḻu</unclear>vūr nakkaṉṉ-āṉa Irā<supplied reason="lost"><hi rend="grantha">ja</hi></supplied>rā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>-pallavaraiyaṟ ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="low"/> ‡ <unclear>l E</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>Amayṭṭa</unclear> <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-k<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>ār</unclear>yya</hi><choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice><unclear>u</unclear>m ceytu
                    <lb n="4"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>  naṟ Ivar ka<hi rend="grantha"><reg>r</reg>mi</hi> vaṅkippuṟattu caṭṭapōcaṉ veṇṇa<unclear>ya</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> vittaṉukku paṇi-p-paṇiyā<unclear>l pa</unclear>ṇittu <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-koyil <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṭu</unclear>tta nāṅkaḷai <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> ceytu ku<unclear>ṭu</unclear>‡t<unclear>ta</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>kō</unclear><supplied reason="lost">yi</supplied>lil <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>śrī</unclear></hi><hi rend="grantha"> </hi> <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> rā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>rā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>m <unclear>pa</unclear>raiya
                    <lb n="5"/>c<supplied reason="lost">e</supplied>yvitta ni<hi rend="grantha">bedha</hi>m Epērppaṭṭaṉavum <unclear>ka</unclear>llil veṭ<surplus>ṭ</surplus>ṭuvikka-p peṟuvā<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> ākav<supplied reason="lost">u</supplied>m I-<hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-vi<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>ya-maṅkala <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>var</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>yi</unclear>llil <unclear>I</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="low"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>m</unclear> <unclear>Ik</unclear>-<supplied reason="lost">kō</supplied><unclear>yil</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṇi</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> 
                    <lb n="6"/> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>vā</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="9" unit="character"/> <unclear>m I</unclear>vaṉ co<choice><unclear>ḷḷ</unclear><unclear>ṉṉ</unclear></choice>a vaṇṇa <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> y<unclear>ka</unclear>ṭavār <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>lam</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>ya</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> <unclear>ḻa</unclear>ṉai <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>ā</unclear>rai ve <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> <choice><unclear>ya</unclear><unclear>dha</unclear></choice> <unclear>ṟu</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> vu <gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="low"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character" precision="low"/>
                    
                    <milestone n="B" unit="zone" type="pagelike"/>
                    <lb n="7"/>Iru-pattu Aiy<supplied reason="omitted">ṅ-ka</supplied>ḻ<choice><orig>aint</orig><reg>añc</reg></choice>u poṉ koḷḷa-p pe<unclear>ṟu</unclear>vāṉ ā<unclear>kavu</unclear>m
                </p>
                <p>
                    <unclear>Ip-pa</unclear>ricu taṇṭit<unclear>tu</unclear> I-<hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-kōy<unclear>iyalaṉmār</unclear> ce<unclear>yiya-p pe</unclear>
                    <lb n="8" break="no"/>ṟuvā<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>ār <hi rend="check">kappa<unclear>ṭa</unclear>m</hi> kuṭuttu <unclear>tāṉ pal</unclear> kuṭuttu <unclear>pa</unclear>ṇi<unclear>-p-pa</unclear>ṇiyāl paṇittu <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>vya</unclear></hi>va<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>stai</unclear></hi> ceytōm peruṅ-kuṟi-p pe
                    <lb n="9" break="no"/>ru-<choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice>akkaḷōm paṇittār cāttamaṅkalattu <unclear>cana</unclear>ppeti<!--EF: caruppeti?--> <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṭṭa</unclear><unclear>kavaṉṉārum</unclear> Ālika <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>ḷḷaṟai</unclear> Iy<hi rend="grantha">sahaśrā</hi><!--EF: sahasrakum?--> <unclear>cantuve</unclear><!--EF:cantrale?-->
                    <lb n="10"/> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> kaṅka<choice><unclear>ṉ</unclear><unclear>ḷ</unclear></choice>a tiruveṇakām <unclear>cappi</unclear>rum paṇiyāl <hi rend="grantha">madhyasta</hi>ṉ niṉṟā<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> ārāva<unclear>mu</unclear>tāṉ vāṉavaṉ<hi rend="grantha">-mahā</hi>tēvi peruṅ-kāviti
                    <lb n="11"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> va<unclear>ḷḷa</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> tu
                </p>
                <p>
                    Aṟam maṟa<unclear>ve</unclear>kka A<supplied reason="omitted">ṟa</supplied><choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice> allatu tuṇai y-illai-y-ē
                </p>
                <p>
                    Itu <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <hi rend="grantha">hāheśva</hi>ra-ra<hi rend="grantha">kṣai</hi>
                </p>
                
            </div>
            
            <div type="apparatus">
                <listApp>
                     <!--<app loc="0">
                        <lem>...</lem>
                         <rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01">...</rdg>
                     </app>-->
                    <app loc="3">
                        <lem>k<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>ār</unclear>yya</hi><choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice><unclear>u</unclear>m</lem>
                         <rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01">k<unclear>ā</unclear><hi rend="grantha">yya</hi>mmam</rdg>
                     </app>
                    <app loc="4">
                        <lem>Ivar ka<hi rend="grantha"><reg>r</reg>mi</hi></lem>
                         <rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01">Ivaka<hi rend="grantha">mi</hi></rdg>
                     </app>
                    <app loc="5">
                        <lem>Epērppaṭṭaṉavum <unclear>ka</unclear>llil veṭ<surplus>ṭ</surplus>ṭuvikkap peṟuvāṉṉ ākav<supplied reason="lost">u</supplied>m</lem>
                        <rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01">Eperppaṭṭa <choice><unclear>ṉ</unclear><unclear>E</unclear></choice> vama <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>llil vaṭṭaṭuvikkap peṟuvāṉṉākav<gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>m</rdg>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="7">
                        <lem>pe<unclear>ṟu</unclear>vāṉ ā<unclear>kavu</unclear>m</lem>
                         <rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01">pe<unclear>ṟu</unclear>vāṉā<unclear>vem</unclear></rdg>
                     </app>
                    <app loc="8">
                        <lem><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>vya</unclear></hi>va<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>stai</unclear></hi></lem>
                        <rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01"><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>vya</unclear></hi>va<gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṭai</unclear></rdg>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="10">
                        <lem><unclear>cappi</unclear>rum paṇiyāl</lem>
                        <rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01"><unclear>cappirumi</unclear> paṇiya<unclear>lai</unclear></rdg>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="11">
                        <lem>A<supplied reason="omitted">ṟa</supplied><choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice> allatu</lem>
                        <rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01">Aṟam maṟa<unclear>ve</unclear>kka Am<unclear>ma</unclear>llatu</rdg>
                    </app>
                </listApp>
            </div>
            
            <div type="translation" source="bib:Gillet2023_01">
                
                <p n="1"><supplied reason="subaudible">This is the</supplied> seventh year of Kōrājarājakesarivarman.</p>
                
                <p n="1-11">
                    We the great people <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>perummakkaḷōm</foreign></supplied> of the assembly <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>peruṅkuṟi</foreign></supplied> of big Śrī <supplied reason="lost">Vā</supplied>ṉavaṉ-mahādevi-caturvedimaṅgalam, a <foreign>brahmadeya</foreign> of the northern bank, on the day of this Rēvati which fell on a Saturday of the month of Tulā of this year, having <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, having assembled in full <supplied reason="explanation">lit. without deficiency, <foreign>kūṭṭa kuṟai-v-a</foreign><supplied reason="lost"><foreign>ṟa-k-kū</foreign></supplied><foreign>ṭi iruntu</foreign></supplied> in the holy courtyard <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tirumuṟṟa</foreign><supplied reason="lost"><foreign>ttē</foreign></supplied><foreign>y</foreign></supplied> of the temple of Mahādeva of Śrī Vijayamaṅgalam of us who go <supplied reason="explanation">?</supplied>, having shown <supplied reason="subaudible">to?</supplied> the assembly, Ampalavaṉ Paḻuvūr Nakkaṉ alias Rā<supplied reason="lost">ja</supplied>rā<foreign>ja</foreign>pallavaraiyar, lord of Kuvaḷḷālam, of the superior grade of the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiyār</foreign></supplied>, who graciously caused to raise <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuntaruḷḷuvitta</foreign></supplied> in stone the sanctuary of the temple of this Śrī Vijayamaṅgaladevar, <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, having ordered by the given order to Caṭṭapōcaṉ Veṇṇaya<supplied reason="lost">krama</supplied>vittaṉ of Vaṅkippuṟam, the officer <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṉmi</foreign></supplied> of him <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, having made the holy duty <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī kāyyammam ceytu</foreign></supplied>, <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> a fine of twenty-five <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> the <foreign>madhyastan</foreign> Niṉṟān Ārāvamutān, great poet <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>peruṅkāviti</foreign></supplied> of Vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
                    </p>
                <p n="11">
                    Do not neglect moral duty <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṟam</foreign></supplied>.
                </p>
                <p n="11">
                    There is no support <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tuṇai</foreign></supplied> except moral duty. This is under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.
                </p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="commentary"/>
                
            
            
            <div type="bibliography">
                
                <p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1928-1929"/></bibl> (ARIE/1928-1929/B/1928-1929/160 and part 2, § 29).</p>
                <p>Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gillet2023_01"/></bibl>, based on autopsy and photographs (<ref target="https://didomena.ehess.fr/concern/data_sets/****">by Valérie Gillet, 2018</ref>).</p>
                <p>This revised edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.</p>
                
                <listBibl type="primary">
                    <bibl n="G">
                        <ptr target="bib:Gillet2023_01"/>
                        <citedRange unit="page">89-90</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="item">16</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                </listBibl>
                
                <listBibl type="secondary">
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="bib:ARIE1928-1929"/>
                        <citedRange unit="page">TBC</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="appendix"> B/1928-1929</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="item">160</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
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