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                <title>Vakratentalī grant of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya, Year 3</title>
                <!--Change the title of the file, e.g. Raktamālā grant of the time of Budhagupta, year 159-->
                <!-- Add your name in the respStmt matching your involvement -->
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                    <resp key="contributor">EpiDoc Encoding</resp>
                    <!-- Work done in the file, e.g. editor ...-->
                    <persName ref="part:amwb">
                        <forename>Amandine</forename>
                        <surname>Wattelier-Bricout</surname>
                    </persName>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp key="creator">intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
                    <persName ref="part:amwb">
                        <forename>Amandine</forename>
                        <surname>Wattelier-Bricout</surname>
                    </persName>
                </respStmt>
            <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
                <pubPlace>Berlin</pubPlace>
                <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSSomavamsin00001.xml</idno>

                <availability><licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</licence></availability>
                <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
            </publicationStmt>
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                    <msIdentifier>
                        <repository>DHARMAbase</repository>
                        <idno/><!-- don't modify this -->
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents><!-- describe the intellectual content of an inscription -->
                        <summary>Issued from Suvarṇapura. Grant by the king of the village Vakratentalī situated in the division (khaṇḍa) called Lupattarā in favour of Jātarūpa, son of Śvrīvatsa, who had immigrated from Vallikandara in Rāḍha and who is an inhabitant of Meraṇḍā, who belongs to the Kauṇḍinya gotra and the Maitrāvaruṇa and Vāsiṣṭha pravaras and the Chandoga caraṇa, on the occasion of the Viṣuva saṅkranti. 
                            Written by the Kāyastha Koighoṣa, son of Vallabhaghoṣa who was attached to the office of the Mahāsāndhivigraha and incised by Saṅgrāma, son of Rayaṇa Ojjhā. <!-- //// NOT MANDATORY  ////--></summary> <!-- offers the possibility to give a summary of the inscription's content -->
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <p><!-- The script name(s) will be inserted here at a later stage from the metadata spreasheet. At this stage, you can mention here in a free-text paragraph any characteristics of the writing observed more than once in this inscription that seem unusual/uncommon or otherwise noteworthy given the general characteristics of the script in question. See EGD 11.2. --></p>
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         <p>Encoded in TEI/EpiDoc according to the <ref target="https://hal.science/halshs-02888186">DHARMA Encoding Guide for Documentary Editions, version 2</ref></p>
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        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-05-19" who="part:amwb" status="draft">Addition of the correspondances of the final stanzas according to Sircar's list</change>
            <change when="2022-05-19" who="part:amwb" status="draft">Implementation of reference numbers for the king names</change>
            <change when="2022-03-31" who="part:amwb" status="draft">First implementation of date-tags</change>
            <change when="2022-03-17" who="part:amwb" status="draft">First implementation of person-tags</change>
            <change when="2022-03-09" who="part:amwb" status="draft">Correction of the first encoding and added a draft of translation</change>
            <change when="2021-01-11" who="part:amwb">Creation of the file</change>
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      <body>
         <div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn">
             <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
             <ab>
                 <lb n="1"/><roleName>śrī</roleName>-<persName type="king" key="PSN01001">janamejaya</persName>-deva-<supplied reason="lost">-rājasya</supplied>
             </ab>
             </div>
             <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
             <pb n="1r"/>
<p>
<pb n="1v"/>
<lb n="1"/>svasti<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied> <placeName type="settlement" subtype="town">suvarṇṇapura</placeName>-samāvāsita<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śrīmato vijaya-skandhāvārāt <roleName>para<lb n="2" break="no"/>ma-bhaṭṭāraka</roleName>-<roleName>mahārājādhirāja</roleName>-<roleName>parameśvara</roleName>-<roleName>śrī</roleName>-<persName type="king" subtype="coronation" key="PSN01000">śivagupta</persName>-<roleName>deva</roleName>-pādānudhyā<lb n="3" break="no"/>ta-<roleName>parama-māheśvara</roleName>-<roleName>parama-bhaṭṭāraka</roleName>-<roleName>mahārājādhirāja</roleName>-<roleName>parameśvara</roleName>-so<lb n="4" break="no"/>ma-kula-tilaka-<roleName>t<choice><orig>r̥</orig><reg>ri</reg></choice>kaliṅgādhipati</roleName>-<roleName>śrī</roleName>-<persName type="king" subtype="coronation" key="PSN01001">mahābhavagupta</persName>-<roleName>rāja-devaḥ</roleName> kuśalī<lb n="5"/><placeName type="region" subtype="district">lupattarā</placeName>-khaṇḍīya-<placeName type="settlement" subtype="village">vakratentalī</placeName>-grāme brāhmaṇān sampūjya tat-pra<lb n="6" break="no"/>tinivāsi-kuṭumbinas tad-viṣayīya-yathā-kālādhyāsinaḥ samāhartr̥-sa<lb n="7" break="no"/>nnidhā<surplus>r</surplus>tr̥-dāṇḍapāśika-piśuna-vetrikāvarodhajana-rājavallabhādīn anyāṁś ca cā<lb n="8" break="no"/>ṭa-bhaṭa-jāt<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>yān samājñāpayati<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied> vidita<supplied reason="omitted">m a</supplied>stu bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grā<lb n="9" break="no"/>maḥ sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ sarvva-bādhā-vivarjjitaḥ sa-gartoṣaraḥ sāmra<pb n="2r" break="no"/>
 <lb n="10" break="no"/>-madhukaḥ sa-jala-sthalaḥ sarvvoparikarādāna-sahitaḥ pratiniṣiddha-cāṭa<lb n="11" break="no"/>-bhaṭa-praveśaś <supplied reason="lost">ca</supplied>tuḥ-simā-paryantaḥ kauṇḍ<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>nya-gotrāya m<supplied reason="lost">ai</supplied>trāvaruṇa-vā<choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>s</reg></choice>i<lb n="12" break="no"/>ṣṭha-pravarāya cchandoga-caraṇāya <placeName type="region" subtype="district">rāḍhāyaṁ</placeName> <placeName type="settlement" subtype="village">vallikandara</placeName>-vinirgatāya <placeName type="settlement" subtype="village">meraṇḍā</placeName>-vā<!-- 
amwb : rāḍhāyaṁ is written rāḍhāphaṁ in EI11 ajouter un a long rāḍhāyāṁ
--><lb n="13" break="no"/>stavyāya <roleName>bhaṭṭaputra</roleName>-<persName>jātarūpa</persName>-nāmne <roleName>bhaṭṭaputra</roleName>-<persName>śrīvaccha</persName>-s<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>nave saliladhārā<lb n="14" break="no"/>puraḥsaram ācandra-tārakārkka-kṣiti-samakālopabhogārthaṁ mātā-pitro<lb n="15" break="no"/>r ātmanaś ca puṇya-yaśobhivr̥ddhaye <choice><sic>viśumati</sic><corr>viṣuvati</corr></choice>-saṁkrāntyāṁ tāmra-śāsane<lb n="16" break="no"/>nākarīkr̥tya pratipādita Ity avagatya samucita-bhoga-bhāga-kara-hiraṇyā<lb n="17" break="no"/>dikam upanayadbhir bhavadbhiḥ sukhena prativastavyam iti<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied> bhāvibhiś ca bhūpatibhir dda<lb n="18" break="no"/>ttir iyam asmadīyā dharmma-gauravād asmad anurodhāc ca svadattir ivānupālanīyā<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied></p>
<p><lb n="19"/>tathā coktaṁ dharmma-śāstre<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied></p>
<lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh"><!-- best_0023" -->
    <l n="a">vahubhir vvasudhā dattā</l>
    <l n="b">rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ</l>
    <l n="c">yasya ya               
             <pb n="2v" break="no"/>
 <lb n="20" break="no"/>sya yadā bhūmis</l>
    <l n="d">tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ</l>
</lg>
<lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh"><!-- best_0085" -->
    <l n="a">mā bhūd a-phala-śaṅkā vaḥ</l>
    <l n="b">para-datteti<lb n="21"/>pārthivāḥ</l>
    <l n="c">sva-dānāt phalam ānantyaṁ</l>
    <l n="d">para-dattānupālane</l><!--
    amwb : Sircar 85
    -->
</lg>
<lg n="3" met="anuṣṭubh"><!-- best_0123 -->
    <l n="a">ṣaṣṭhiṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi</l>
    <l n="b"><lb n="22"/>svarge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>
    <l n="c">Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca</l>
    <l n="d">tāny eva narake vaset</l><!-- 
    amwb : Sircar 123
    -->
</lg>
                 <lg n="4" met="indravajrā"><!-- best_0005 -->
    <l n="a">Agner apa<lb n="23" break="no"/>tyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇaṁ</l>
    <l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇavī s<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>rya-sutāś ca gāvaḥ</l>
    <l n="c">yaḥ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca<lb n="24"/>dadyād</l>
    <l n="d">dattās trayas tena bhavanti lokā<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l><!-- 
    amwb : Sircar 5 with inversion of the pādas c and d , EI11 adds a visarga omitted at the end of lokā 
    --></lg>
 <lg n="5" met="anuṣṭubh"><!-- best_0020 -->
     <l n="a">Āsphoṭayanti pitaraḥ</l>
     <l n="b">prava<lb n="25" break="no"/>lg<surplus>ay</surplus>anti pitāmahāḥ</l>
     <l n="c">bhūmi-dātā kule jātaḥ</l>
     <l n="d">sa nas trātā bhaviṣyati</l><!-- 
     amwb : Sircar 20
     -->
</lg><lb n="26"/><lg n="6" met="anuṣṭubh"><!-- best_0029 -->
    <l n="a">bhūmiṁ yaḥ pratigr̥h<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṇ</reg></choice>āti</l>
    <l n="b">yaś ca bhūmiṁ prayacchati</l>
    <l n="c">Ubhau tau puṇya-karmāṇau</l>
    <l n="d">niya<lb n="27" break="no"/>taṁ svarga-gāminau</l><!-- 
amwb : Sircar 29 
-->
</lg>
<lg n="7" met="anuṣṭubh"><!-- best_0137 -->
    <l n="a">taḍāgānāṁ sahasr<choice><sic>āṇi</sic><corr>eṇa</corr></choice></l>
    <l n="b">vāja-peya-śat<choice><sic>āṇi</sic><corr>ena</corr></choice> ca</l>
    <l n="c">gavāṁ koṭi-pradā<lb n="28" break="no"/>nena</l>
    <l n="d">bhūmi-harttā na śudhyat<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>i</corr></choice></l><!-- 
    amwb : Sircar 137
    -->
</lg>
<lg n="8" met="anuṣṭubh"><!-- best_0064 -->
    <l n="a">harate hāray<choice><sic>ate</sic><corr>ed</corr></choice> yas tu</l>
    <l n="b">manda-<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>b</reg></choice>uddhis tamo-vr̥taḥ</l>
    <l n="c">sa <choice><orig>v</orig><reg>b</reg></choice>addho<lb n="29"/>vāruṇaiḥ</l>
    <l n="d">pāśais tiryag-yoniṁ ca gacchati</l>
</lg> 
<lg n="9" met="anuṣṭubh"><!-- best_0132 -->
    <l n="a">sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā</l>
    <l n="b">yo ha<choice><sic>red</sic><corr>reta</corr></choice> vasu
             <pb n="3r" break="no"/>
<lb n="30" break="no"/>ndharāṁ</l>
    <l n="c">sa viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā</l>
    <l n="d">pacyate pitr̥bhiḥ saha</l><!-- 
    amwb : Sircar 132 change in d inversion verb and complement
    -->
</lg>
<lg n="10" met="anuṣṭubh"><!-- best_0004 -->
    <l n="a">Ādityo varuṇo viṣṇur</l>
    <l n="b"><choice><sic>vva</sic><corr>bra</corr></choice><lb n="31" break="no"/>hmā somo hutāśanaḥ</l>
     <l n="c">śulpāṇis tu bhagavā<choice><sic>ḥ</sic><corr>n</corr></choice></l>
     <l n="d"><choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>bhina<surplus>ṁ</surplus>ndanti bhūmida<supplied reason="omitted">M</supplied></l><!-- 
     amwb : Sircar 4
     -->
</lg>
<lg n="11" met="śālinī"><!-- best_0117 -->
    <l n="a">s<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>mānyo<lb n="32"/>'yaṁ dharmma-setur nr̥pāṇāṁ</l>
    <l n="b">kāl<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice> kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ</l>
    <l n="c">sarvvān etān bhāvino bhūpatī<lb n="33" break="no"/>ndrā<supplied reason="lost">N</supplied></l>
    <l n="d">bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmacandraḥ</l><!-- 
    amwb : Sircar 117 only one different reading at the end of the pāda c
    -->
</lg>
<lg n="12" met="puṣpitāgrā"><!-- best_0071 -->
    <l n="a">Iti kamala-dalām<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>b</reg></choice>u-<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>b</reg></choice>indu-lol<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ṁ</l>
    <l n="b">śriyam a<lb n="34" break="no"/>nucintya manuṣya-jīvitañ ca</l>
    <l n="c">sa-kalam idam u<supplied reason="omitted">dā</supplied>hr̥tañ ca budhvā</l>
    <l n="d">na hi pu<lb n="35" break="no"/>ruṣaiḥ para-kīrttayo vilopyāḥ</l><!-- 
amwb : Sircar 71
-->
</lg>
    <p><roleName>parama-bhaṭṭāraka</roleName>-<roleName>mahārājādhirā<lb n="36" break="no"/>ja</roleName>-<roleName>parameśvara</roleName>-<roleName>śrī</roleName>-<persName type="king" key="PSN01001">janamejaya</persName>-<roleName>devasya</roleName> vijayarājye samvatsare tr̥tīye śrā<lb n="37" break="no"/>vaṇa-māsa-sitapakṣa-pañcamyāṁ yatrāṅkato saṁvat <num value="3">3</num> śrāvaṇa <abbr>śudi</abbr><!-- amwb śuddha dina --> <num value="5">5</num><supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied> likhi<lb n="38" break="no"/>tam idaṁ śāsanaṁ mahās<supplied reason="lost">ā</supplied>ndhivigraha-pratibaddha-<roleName>kāyastha</roleName>-<persName>koIghoṣeṇa</persName> <persName type="human">vallaghoṣa</persName><lb n="39" break="no"/>-sutena <persName>sa<surplus>ṁ</surplus>ṅgrāmena</persName> U<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>kr̥taṁ śāsa<supplied reason="omitted">na</supplied>m iti <persName>rayaṇa-Ojjhā</persName>-sutena<supplied reason="omitted">.</supplied> maṅgalam mahāśrīḥ<g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g>
</p> 
             </div>
         </div>
         <div type="apparatus">
           <!--apparatus encoded as per EGD §9.1, basic elements for apparatus below-->
               <listApp><!-- one <app> for each apparatus entry -->
                  <app loc="8">
                     <lem>cā<lb n="8" break="no"/>ṭa-bhaṭa</lem>
                     <note>The dictionary <bibl><ptr target="bib:MonierWilliams1899_01"/><citedRange unit="page">391</citedRange></bibl> records the use of the compound <foreign>cāṭabhaṭa</foreign> in a inscription dated from 940 and suggests to understand it as <foreign>cārabhaṭa</foreign> <q><supplied reason="explanation">valorous</supplied> soldier</q>. I follow this understanding and include it in my translation. See also <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1966_01"/><citedRange unit="page">67</citedRange></bibl>.</note>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="11">
                      <lem><supplied reason="lost">ca</supplied>tuḥ</lem>
                      <note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/></bibl> points that the letter <foreign>tu</foreign> looks like <foreign>tta</foreign>.</note>
                  </app>
                   <app loc="12">
                       <lem source="bib:Shastri1995_02">rāḍhāyaṁ</lem>
                       <rdg source="bib:Mazumdar1911-1912_01">rāḍhāyphaṁ</rdg>
                       <note>On this reading, see the specific note written by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Shastri1977_01"/></bibl>.</note>
                   </app>
                   <app loc="15">
                       <lem><choice><sic>viśumati</sic><corr>viṣuvati</corr></choice>-</lem>
                       <note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/></bibl> suggests reading <foreign>viṣuvati</foreign>. I follow this suggestion in my translation.</note>
                   </app>
                   <app loc="27">
                       <lem>sahasr<choice><sic>āṇi</sic><corr>eṇa</corr></choice></lem>
                       <note>I suggest emending <foreign>sahasreṇa</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">see the stanza 137 listed by Sircar <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>. I included this reading in my translation.</note>
                   </app>
                   <app loc="27">
                       <lem>vāja-peya-śat<choice><sic>āṇi</sic><corr>ena</corr></choice></lem>
                       <note>I suggest emending <foreign>vāja-peya-śatena</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">see the stanza 137 listed by Sircar <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>. I included this reading in my translation.</note>
                   </app>
                   <app loc="28">
                       <lem>hāray<choice><sic>ate</sic><corr>ed</corr></choice></lem>
                       <note>I introduce this correction in order to respect the metric rules. See the reading of the verse 64 suggested by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/></bibl>.</note>
                   </app>
                   <app loc="39">
                       <lem>U<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>kr̥taṁ</lem>
                       <note>It seems that the verb <foreign>utkr̥</foreign> is used instead of the verb <foreign>utkr̥̄</foreign> but with the same meaning. So I suggest understanding the usual <foreign>utkīrṇa</foreign>.</note>
                   </app>
               </listApp>
         </div>
         <div type="translation" resp="part:amwb">
 	<p n="1-8">Hail ! From his glorious and victorious camp situated at Suvarṇapura, the divine king, the prosperous <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuśalī</foreign></supplied> lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> Paramabhaṭṭāraka and Mahārājādhirāja Mahābhavagupta, lord of Trikaliṅga <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tr̥kaliṅgādhipati</foreign></supplied>, the forehead ornament of the Soma dynasty <supplied reason="explanation">or lunar race</supplied>, the great lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>parameśvara</foreign></supplied>, a devout worshipper of Maheśvara, blessed by the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> Paramabhaṭṭāraka and Mahārājādhirāja Śivaguptadeva, worshipped the Brāhmaṇas in the village Vakratentalī situated in the part of Lupattarā and informed the householders dwelling there <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> seated in due time upon this division beginning with the <foreign>samāhartr̥</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">tax collector</supplied>, the <foreign>saṁnidhātr̥</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">the receiver of stolen goods</supplied>, the <foreign>dāṇḍapāśika</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">the policemen</supplied>, the informer <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>Vetrikapiśuna</foreign></supplied> , the inmates of the royal harem, the favorites of the king  <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>rājavallabha</foreign></supplied> and others belonging to valorous soldiers as follows: 
</p>
             <p n="8-11">Be it known by you that this village by us has been given <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pratipādita</foreign>, line 16</supplied> with its treasures <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nidhi</foreign></supplied> and its deposits <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>upanidhi</foreign></supplied>, without any restrictions, with its pits and barren lands, with mango and <foreign>madhuka</foreign> trees,together with land and waters (<foreign>sa-jala-sthala</foreign>), with all the supplementary receipts, preserved from the entrance of soldiers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cāṭa-bhaṭa</foreign></supplied>, with its four boundary-marks, </p>
             <p n="11-16">to the Jātarūpa the learned son <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhaṭṭaputra</foreign></supplied>, offspring of the Lord Vaccha, a learned son <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhaṭṭaputra-śrīvaccha</foreign></supplied>, belonging to the Kauṇḍinya gotra, the best <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pravara</foreign></supplied> among  the descendants of Mitravaruṇa and Vasiṣṭha sages, issued from the Chandogya school, residing in Meraṇḍā after having immigrating from Vallikandra situated in Rāḍhā, after pouring water, in order to increase the merit and the fame of our two parents as well as our own ones, <supplied reason="subaudible">as permanent endowment</supplied> to be enjoyed in perpetuity as long as the moon, the sun and the stars <supplied reason="subaudible">will last</supplied>, after having edicted this by a copperplate at the occasion of the  sun’s equinoctial passage <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṣuvatī-saṁkrantī</foreign></supplied>.
</p>
             <p n="16-18">After having considered this <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iti</foreign></supplied>, thanks to our acquisition, the enjoyments, the parts, the taxes, the gold etc… should easily remain appropriate and the future kings must protect this gift of Us out of the respect of Dharma and out of Our consideration as it was their own gift.</p>
             <p n="19-36">Thus it is said in the <title>Dharmaśāstra</title>:</p>
             <p n="1" rend="stanza"><!-- #best__st0023" -->
                 Land has been given by several kings beginning with Sagara. Whoever holds land at a given time, to him does the fruit belong.<!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 23 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note> -->
             </p>
             <p n="2" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0085" -->
                 Have no doubt about the fruit of what is given by another, o sons of Pr̥thu, the fruit is eternal both for him who gives in person  and for him who protects what is given by another.<note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 85 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="3" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0123" -->
                 The giver of land enjoys sixty thousand years in heaven; the one who challenges <supplied reason="subaudible">a donation</supplied> as well as the one who approves <supplied reason="subaudible">this act</supplied> will reside as many <supplied reason="subaudible">years</supplied> in hell.
                 <!--<note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 123 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note> -->
             </p>
             <p n="4" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0005" -->
                 Gold is Agni's first born son, Earth Viṣṇu's wife and cows Sun's daughters; the one who gives gold, cows and land, the worlds belongs to him by these three kinds of gifts.
                 <!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 5 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             In IN01008, daba notes the ref Garuḍapurāṇa 2.42.4 for this verse
             -->
             </p>
             <p n="5" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0020" -->
                 The Fathers are applauding and the Grand-Fathers are hopping up and down <supplied reason="subaudible">when they can say</supplied> <q>A giver of land is born within our lineage, sure, he will deliver us!</q>
                 <!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 20 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note> -->
             </p>
             <p n="6" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0029" -->
                 The one who receives a land and the one who offers a land, both of them are men with meritorious deeds who are surely going to heaven.
                 <!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 29 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>-->
             </p>
             <p n="7" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0137" -->
                 The excellent gift of a cow, the one of hundreds of sacrificial foods and beverages or of thousand tanks can not purify the one who has stolen a land.<!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 137 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note> -->
             </p>
             <p n="8" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0064" -->
                 The foolish man who seizes ou makes <supplied reason="subaudible">a land</supplied> seized, will be covered by obscurity and bound by Varuṇa’s noose and be born again in an animal womb.
                 <!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 64 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note> -->
             </p>
             <p n="9" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0132" -->
                 The one who would steal land given by himself or another becomes a worm in excrement and is cooked with his ancestors.
                 <!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 132 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note> -->
             </p>
             <p n="10" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0004" -->
                 Āditya, Varuṇa, Viṣṇu, Brahmā, Soma, Hutāśana, Śulpāṇis and the Lord rejoice the land-giver.
                 <!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 4 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note> -->
             </p>
             <p n="11" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0117" -->
                 Rāmacandra begs repeatedly to all these future kings: this bridge of Dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it.
                 <!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 117 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note> -->
             </p>
             <p n="12" rend="stanza"><!-- #best_st0071" -->
                 Having considered that fortune and human life were as transient as a drop of water on a lotus petal, and having thought that the entire world is an illustration, let the glorious acts made by others not be destroyed by men.
                 <!-- <note>
                    This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 71 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note> -->
             </p>
             <p n="35-39">On the fifth day of the bright fortnight of the month Śrāvaṇa of the third year of the victorious reign of the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> Paramabhaṭṭāraka and Mahārājādhirāja Janamejayadeva, i.e. Saṁvat 3 month Śrāvaṇa day 5, this charter was written by the clerk <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kāyastha</foreign></supplied> Koighoṣa attached to the great office of peace and war <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahāsāndhivigraha</foreign></supplied> and son of Vallaghoṣa and incised by Saṅgrāma, son of Rayaṇa Ojjhā.</p>
             <p n="39">Benediction and good fortune!</p>
                 
             <div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" resp="part:amwb">
                 <p n="1-8">Hommage ! Depuis son victorieux champ de bataille de Suvarṇapura, le divin roi, Sa Majesté <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> le prospère <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuśalī</foreign></supplied> Paramabhaṭṭāraka et Mahārājādhirāja Mahābhavagupta, seigneur du Trikaliṅga <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tr̥kaliṅgādhipati</foreign></supplied>, le fleuron de la dynastie Soma <supplied reason="explanation">ou de la dynastie lunaire</supplied>, son éminence <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>parameśvara</foreign></supplied>, fervent dévot de Maheśvara, consacré par Sa Majesté <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> Paramabhaṭṭāraka et Mahārājādhirāja Śivaguptadeva, après avoir honoré les brahmanes du village nommé Vakratentalī situé dans la circonscription de Lupattarā, il instruisit les propriétaires résidant en ces lieux et installés en temps voulu dans cette circonscription en commençant par les collecteurs d’impôts <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>samāhartr̥ </foreign></supplied>, les percepteurs <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>saṁnidhārtr̥ </foreign></supplied>, les policiers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dāṇḍapāśika</foreign></supplied>, les chambellans informateurs <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vetrika"</foreign></supplied>, les membres du harem royal, les proches du roi ainsi que les autres personnes appartenant à la classe des valeureux soldats <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cāṭa-bhaṭa</foreign></supplied> de la sorte:
</p>
                 <p n="8-16">Que cela soit porté à votre connaissance: ce village, avec et ses dépôts et ses trésors, sans aucune restriction, avec ses vallées et ses terres stériles, avec ses manguiers et ses arbres Mandhuka, avec ses terres et ses eaux, avec ses prélèvements supplémentaires, avec l’interdiction d’intrusion militaire,  avec ses quatre bornes de délimitation, je le donne à Jātarūpa, fils lettré <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhaṭṭaputra</foreign></supplied>, rejeton de l’honorable Vaccha, fils lettré <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhaṭṭaputra-śrīvaccha</foreign></supplied>, appartenant au <foreign>gotra</foreign> Kauṇḍinya, le meilleur parmi les descendants des sages Mitravaruṇa et Vasiṣṭha, issu de l’école Chandogya, résidant à Meraṇḍā situé à Rāḍhā et émigré originaire de Vallikandra, et ce, en tant que donation dont on pourra jouir à perpétuité aussi longtemps que le lune, le soleil et les étoiles existeront, afin d’accroître le mérite et la gloire de mes deux parents, ainsi que les miens, après avoir versé de l’eau et après l’avoir décrété grâce à une plaque de cuivre produite à l’occasion du soleil à l’équinoxe <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṣuvatī-saṁkrantī</foreign></supplied>.</p>
                 <p n="16-18">Après avoir considéré ceci, grâce à notre acquisition, les récoltes, les dus, les impôts, l’or etc… resteront appropriés facilement et les futurs rois devront protéger ce don fait par nous par considération du Dharma et par respect pour nous, et ce, comme s'il s'agissait de leur propre donation .    
                 </p>
                 <p n="19-36">Ainsi est-il dit dans le <title>Dharmaśāstra</title>:</p>
             <p n="1" rend="stanza">
                 Des centaines de rois à commencer par Sagara ont fait don de terre. Le bénéfice (du don de terre) revient toujours à celui qui en est alors le propriétaire.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 23 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="2" rend="stanza">
                 N'ayez aucun doute sur le bénéfice retiré de ce qui est donné par un autre, ô fils de Pr̥thu, le bénéfice est éternel aussi bien pour celui qui donne que pour celui qui protège ce qui est donné par un autre.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 85 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar  <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="3" rend="stanza">
                 Celui qui donne des terres se réjouit durant soixante mille ans aux cieux, mais celui qui consteste <supplied reason="subaudible">un don</supplied> ou celui qui approuve <supplied reason="subaudible">cette contestation</supplied> séjournera aussi longtemps en enfer.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 123 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar  <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="4" rend="stanza">
                 L'Or est le premier fils né d'Agni, la Terre est l'épouse Viṣṇu et les vaches sont les filles du Soleil; celui qui donne de l'or, des vaches et des terres, par ces trois sortes de dons les mondes lui appartiennent.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 5 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note><!-- 
             In IN01008, daba notes the ref Garuḍapurāṇa 2.42.4 this verse
             -->
             </p>
             <p n="5" rend="stanza">
                 Les pères applaudissent, les ancêtres trépignent de joie <supplied reason="subaudible">quand ils peuvent dire :</supplied> <q>Un donateur de terres est né dans notre lignée, assurément, celui-ci sera notre sauveur!</q><note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 20 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar  <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="6" rend="stanza">
                 Celui qui reçoit un don de terre et celui qui l'offre, tous deux sont des hommes aux actes méritoires qui sans aucun doute iront au ciel.<note>
                   Ce vers correspond au vers 29 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar  <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="7" rend="stanza">
                 Celui qui a volé une terre, l'excellent don d'une vache, une centaine de mets et breuvages sacrificiels, un millier de réservoirs ne peuvent le purifier.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 137 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar  <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="8" rend="stanza">
                 L'insensé qui se saisirait ou ferait saisir <supplied reason="subaudible">une terre</supplied>, couvert d'obscurité et lié par les lacets de Varuṇa renaîtra dans une matrice animal.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 64 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar  <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="9" rend="stanza">
                 Celui qui vole une terre donnée par lui-même ou par un autre, devient un ver dans des excréments et cuit avec ses ancêtres.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 132 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar  <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="10" rend="stanza">
                 Il est loué par Āditya, Varuṇa, Viṣṇu, Brahmā, Soma, Hutāśana, Śulpāṇis et le Bienheureux celui qui donne des terres.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 4 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar  <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="11" rend="stanza">
                 À de nombreuses reprises, Rāmacandra a exhorté les rois futurs <supplied reason="subaudible">en ces termes</supplied> : ce pont du Dharma commun à tous les rois, vous devez toujours le protéger.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 117 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="12" rend="stanza"><!-- corresp="#Sircar1965_st0071" -->
                 Ayant considéré que fortune et vie humaine sont aussi éphémères qu'une goutte d'eau sur un pétale de lotus et que le monde entier n'est qu'une représentation, ne laissons pas des hommes détruire les actes glorieux accomplis par d'autres.<note>
                    Ce vers correspond au vers 71 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar <supplied reason="explanation">voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_03"/><citedRange unit="appendix">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">170-200</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
             </note>
             </p>
             <p n="35-39">Au cinquième jour de la quinzaine claire du mois Śrāvaṇa de la troisième année du victorieux règne du Seigneur <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> Paramabhaṭṭāraka et Mahārājādhirāja Janamejayadeva, c'est-à-dire le 5 du mois Śrāvaṇa de l'an <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>Saṁvat</foreign></supplied> 3. Cette charte a été écrite par le clerc <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kāyastha</foreign></supplied> Koighoṣa rattaché au ministère de la guerre et de la paix <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahāsāndhivigraha</foreign></supplied>, fils de Vallaghoṣa et elle a été gravée par Saṅgrāma, fils de Rayaṇa Ojjhā.</p>
             <p n="39">Bénédiction et fortune!</p>
             </div>
         </div>
         <div type="commentary">
            <!--commentary encoded as per section §9.3 -->
             <!-- amwb : citer sur le site http://www.indoskript.org/manuscripts/details/549
             -->
             <p><bibl><ptr target="bib:Mazumdar1911-1912_01"/><citedRange unit="page">93</citedRange></bibl> remarks that his reading of the seal legend must be looked upon as a mere conjecture. At the time being, it is impossible to check his reading since we don't know where this set is preserved. </p>
         </div>
        <div type="bibliography">
	<!--bibliography encoded as per section §9.4 -->
           <p>According to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Acharya2014_01"/><citedRange unit="page">227</citedRange></bibl>, this set of copperplates was found in possession of Nityananda Bhoi, a resident of the village of Gopalpur for several years. We have no information on the find-spot or the year of discovery. It seems that the set was acquired by the Odisha State Museum, Bhubaneswar in 1990.  <!-- formulate epigraphic lemma here, using the items of primary bibliography --></p>
        	<listBibl type="primary">
	    <bibl n="M"><ptr target="bib:Mazumdar1911-1912_01"/><citedRange unit="page">93-95</citedRange></bibl>
        	    <bibl n="R"><ptr target="bib:Rajaguru1966_01"/><citedRange unit="item">16</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">95-99</citedRange></bibl>
        	    <bibl n="S"><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/><citedRange unit="item">I</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">167-171</citedRange></bibl>
        	    <!-- 
        	    amwb : missing Ajay Mitra Shastri Studies in Indian Epigraphy III 153-54 
        	    -->
			</listBibl>
           <listBibl type="secondary">
              <bibl><ptr target="bib:Bhandarkar1927-1936_01"/><citedRange unit="item">1557</citedRange></bibl>
              <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1955-1956"/><citedRange unit="item">67</citedRange></bibl>
               <bibl><ptr target="bib:Shastri1977_01"/></bibl>
               <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gai1986_01"/><citedRange unit="item">941</citedRange></bibl>
               <bibl><ptr target="bib:Tripathy2010_01"/><citedRange unit="page">456-457</citedRange></bibl>
               <bibl><ptr target="bib:Acharya2014_01"/><citedRange unit="item">4</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">227-229</citedRange></bibl>
           </listBibl>
        </div>
      </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
