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                <title>SII 3.92: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri</title>
                <title type="alt">XI.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARAKESARIVARMAN PARANTAKA I. No. 92.—ON A BOULDER IN FRONT OF A NATURAL CAVE AT VEDAL. No. 84 of 1908.</title>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp key="creator">author of digital edition</resp>
                    <persName ref="part:emfr">
                        <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
                        <surname>Francis</surname>
                    </persName>
                </respStmt>
            <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
                <pubPlace>Paris, CEIAS</pubPlace>
                <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0092.xml</idno>
            <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date></publicationStmt>
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                    <msIdentifier><repository>as per external metadata</repository></msIdentifier>
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                        <summary>
                            
                            <p>This inscription is dated in the 14th year of <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi> and provides for feeding the female Jain ascetic <hi rend="bold">Kanakavīrakurattiyār</hi>, who was a disciple of <hi rend="bold">Guṇakīrtti-Bhaṭāra</hi>, and her pupils. <hi rend="bold">Veḍāl</hi>, called <hi rend="bold">Viḍāl</hi> <hi rend="italic">[alias]</hi> <hi rend="bold">Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam</hi> in the inscription, is said to have been situated to the east<note>Compare <hi rend="italic">kiḻvaḻi</hi> (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> the eastern path or side) with <hi rend="italic">Uttarāpatha</hi> and <hi rend="italic">Dakshiṇāpatha</hi>, north and south respectively, of other records.</note> of <hi rend="bold">Śiṅgapura-nāḍu</hi>. The archaic characters in which the record is written would indicate that <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi> must be identical with <hi rend="bold">Āditya</hi> I.</p>
                            
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            <change who="part:emfr" when="2025-12-08" status="draft">Further conversion of digital encoding to DHARMA encoding scheme according to EGD (Encoding Guide for Diplomatic Editions)</change>
            <change who="part:mime" when="2025-11-26" status="draft">Conversion of digital encoding to DHARMA encoding scheme according to EGD (Encoding Guide for Diplomatic Editions)</change>
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            <div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:vernacular">
                
                <div type="textpart" n="A"><head>TEXT.</head>
                    <p>
                        <lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></supplied> kovirācakecaripar<hi rend="grantha">ma</hi><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kku yāṇṭu pati nālāvatu ci
                        <lb n="2" break="no"/>ṅkapuranāṭṭukkīḻvaḻi viṭāl māteviĀrāntimaṅkala
                        <lb n="3" break="no"/>muṭ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>ya kuṇakirttipaṭārarvaḻi māṇākkiyār kaṉakavira<unclear>kku</unclear>ratti
                        <lb n="4" break="no"/>yāraiyum mavarvaḻi māṇākkiyāraiyum tāp<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice><hi rend="grantha">si</hi><unclear>ka</unclear>ḷ nānūṟṟuvarkkum 
                        <lb n="5"/>koḷḷātamaiyil Ik<unclear>koyi</unclear>ṟpiḷḷaikaḷainnūṟṟuvarkkum vaḻiIlāruṅ
                        <lb n="6"/>kāttūṭṭuvomāṉom <supplied reason="undefined"><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></supplied> Eṅkaḷu<unclear>ṭai</unclear>ya <hi rend="grantha">svarakṣai</hi> Itu Ira<hi rend="grantha">kṣi</hi><supplied reason="omitted">p</supplied>p<unclear>ā</unclear>raṭini<unclear>lai E</unclear>ṅkaḷ
                        <lb n="7"/><unclear>ta</unclear>laimelaṉa <supplied reason="undefined"><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></supplied> māteviArān<unclear>ti</unclear>maṅkalamuṭaiya <unclear>kaṉa</unclear>kavirakkurattiyār
                        <lb n="8" break="no"/>t taṅka <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> r makaḷātaṉamaiyil <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> 
                        <lb n="9"/>mukkiyarumitu <unclear>kā</unclear>ppār <supplied reason="undefined"><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></supplied> Avarkaḷ <hi rend="grantha">sva</hi>ra<hi rend="grantha">kṣai</hi> Itaṉai Ira<hi rend="grantha">kṣi</hi>ppāra
                        <lb n="10" break="no"/>ṭi ni<unclear>lai</unclear> Eṉ talaimelaṉa <supplied reason="undefined"><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></supplied>
                    </p>
                </div>
                
                <div type="textpart" n="B"><head>On the side.</head>
                    
                    <p>
                        <lb n="11"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> ṭanuṅ kāḻānu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> mu
                        <lb n="12" break="no"/>talākiya māteviĀ
                        <lb n="13" break="no"/>rāntimaṅkalamuṭaiya
                        <lb n="14"/>kanakavirakkurattiyār taṅ
                        <lb n="15" break="no"/>kaḷ makaḷārātinamaiyil
                        <lb n="16"/>Ituvellān taṅ
                        <lb n="17" break="no"/>kaḷ kāval <supplied reason="undefined"><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></supplied> Itaṉai tiṅ
                        <lb n="18" break="no"/>ku niṉaittā<choice><sic>n</sic><corr>r</corr></choice> kaṅk<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>Iṭaik kumariIṭai
                        <lb n="19"/>Eḻunūṟṟu kātamuñceyta pāva
                        <lb n="20" break="no"/>ṅ koḷvār kāva<unclear>la</unclear>nukku <unclear>piḻai</unclear>ttā
                        <lb n="21" break="no"/>rāvār <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:dash-long" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:tam-pillaiyarCuli" type="punctuation">.</g>
                    </p>
                </div>
                    
                </div>
                
                <div type="apparatus">
                    <listApp>
                        <app loc="1">
                            <lem>pati</lem>
                            <note>The letter <foreign>ti</foreign> has also the vowel-sign <foreign>u</foreign> attached to it.</note>
                        </app>
                        <app loc="2">
                            <lem>...</lem>
                            <note>A symbol resembling <foreign>ṟa</foreign> is seen at the beginning of this line; but it is not likely that it belongs to it.</note>
                        </app>                        
                    </listApp>
                    
                </div>
                
                <div type="translation" source="bib:KrishnaSastri1920_01">
                    
                    <p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 14th year of (<hi rend="italic">the reign of</hi>) king <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi>, we, the lay disciples (<hi rend="italic">of this school</hi>), have undertaken to protect and feed <hi rend="bold">Kanakavīrakurattiyār</hi>, a female disciple and follower of <hi rend="bold">Guṇakīrti-Bhaṭāra</hi>, of Viḍāl <hi rend="italic">[alias]</hi> <hi rend="bold">Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam</hi> on the eastern side (<hi rend="italic">kīḻvaḻi</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Śiṅgapuranāḍu</hi> and the lady pupils of her following, since there has been a disagreement between the five hundred pupils (<foreign>piḷḷai</foreign>) of this <hi rend="italic">kōyil (monastery ?</hi>) and the four hundred female ascetics. (<hi rend="italic">This charity remains under</hi>) our own protection. The sandals of those who maintain this (<hi rend="italic">shall rest</hi>) on our heads.</p>
                    
                    <p>(L. 7.) As <hi rend="bold">Kanakavīrakurattiyār</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam</hi> is the daughter of . . . . the chief men of . . . . shall protect this. (<hi rend="italic">This shall be under</hi>) their own protection. The sandals of those who protect this shall be on our heads. As <hi rend="bold">Kanakavīrakurattiyār</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam</hi> is the daughter of you, <hi rend="italic">viz.</hi>, Kāḻāṉ . . . and others, all this shall be (<hi rend="italic">under</hi>) your watch. Those who think of injuring this (<hi rend="italic">charity</hi>), shall incur the sin committed (<hi rend="italic">by the people living</hi>) in the 700 <hi rend="italic">kādam</hi> between Gaṅgā (<hi rend="italic">the Ganges</hi>) and Kumari (Cape Comorin), and shall (<hi rend="italic">also</hi>) be traitors to the king.</p>
                    
                </div>
                
                <div type="commentary">
                    <p>The construction of the two sentences in the inscription is somewhat vague. The words “<foreign>koḷḷātamaiyil”</foreign> in line 5 and “<foreign>māteviĀrāntimaṅkalamuṭaiya kanakavirakkurattiyār</foreign>” in line 12f. have been evidently misplaced. For a proper and connected understanding of the sentences the first has to come after “<foreign>piḷḷaikaḷainnūṟṟuvarkkum</foreign>” in the same line and the second at the beginning of line 11.</p>
                </div>
                
                <div type="bibliography">
                    
                    <p>Digital edition of SII 3.92 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1920_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
                    
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                        <bibl n="SII">
                            <ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1920_01"/>
                            <citedRange unit="page">224-225</citedRange>
                            <citedRange unit="item">92</citedRange>
                        </bibl>
                        
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                        <bibl/>
                        
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