# SII 3.21: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Emmanuel Francis

Alternative title: III.—INSCRIPTIONS IN THE PASUPATISVARA TEMPLE AT
KARUVUR. No. 21.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE PASUPATISVARA SHRINE

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0021

Repository: SII original (south-indian-inscriptions)

File path: SII_B_clean/SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0021.xml

Language: Tamil [Grantha, Tamil]

Commit: 2026-11-14 15:07 (85a1dec), last modified 2026-09-29 11:08
(2b36d53)

## Summary

This inscription is dated in the 9th year of the reign of
Parakēsarivarman, alias Rājēndradēva, the successor of Rājādhirāja.[1]
An unpublished inscription of the same year in the Vaidyanātha temple at
Tirumalavāḍi (No. 87 of 1895) states that Rājādhirāja was Rājēndra’s
elder brother, and that he fell in the battle of Koppam. The subjoined
inscription and others[2] mention Rājēndra’s elder brother,’ but do not
give his name.

The inscription records that the king granted the village of
Kaṇavadinallūr in Veṅgāla-nāḍu, a district of Adhirājarāja-maṇḍalam, to
the Tiruvānilai temple. It is signed by five officers, whose names
appear also in the Karuvūr inscription of Vīrarājēndra I. (No. 20, l. 15
ff. and l. 22 ff.). This fact corroborates the conclusion drawn above
(p. 32), that Vīrarājēndra I. succeeded Rājēndra within a single
generation.

One of the five officers whose names occur in Nos. 20 and 21, is Araiyaṉ
Rājarājaṉ, alias Vīrarājēndra-Jayamurināḍāḻvāṉ. This person is very
probably identical with the Sēnāpati Jayamurināḍāḻvār, who is mentioned
in an inscription of Rājēndradēva at Sangili-Kanadarāva in Ceylon.[3]
This inscription proves that the island of Ceylon, or at least a portion
of it, was in Rājēndra’s possession.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

## Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [∥] tirumakaḷ maru(vi)ya ceṅko(l) ventaṉṟaṉ
(mu)ṉṉ¿er?⟨oṉ⟩ ceṉai (pi)ṉṉatuvāka muṉṉe(tir) ceṉṟu
I(ra)⟨2⟩ṭṭaipāṭi(y)eḻaraiyilakkamuṅko(ṇ)ṭu Et¿a?⟨i⟩ramar peṟātu
(E)ṇṭicai (na)ka(m) paṟaiya¿ṅ?⟨tu⟩ kaṟaṅka(p)perāṟṟaṅka⟨3⟩raikkoppattu
vantetirtta Āha(va)malla(ṉṟa)ṉ p(eruñ)ce(ṉai)yellām paṭapporutu pā(ra)tu
nikaḻappacu⟨4⟩m piṇamākki Āṅkavaṉañc¿a?⟨i⟩ppuṟkkiṭṭoṭa
Ava(ṉāṉaiyu){ma}ṅ(ku)⟨ti⟩raiyum peṇṭupa(ṇ)ṭāramum Oṭṭakattoṭu
Akap⟨5⟩(pa)⟨ṭa⟩ppiṭittu ticaiyatu nikaḻa v¿i?⟨ī⟩rar A(vi)ṣekam (paṇ)ṇi
v¿i?⟨ī⟩rasi(ṁ)hāsana(t)tu v¿i?⟨ī⟩ṟṟi(ru)nta(ru)ḷi(ya) koppara(k)e(ca)
[3+] rāṉa (U)⟨6⟩ṭaiyār śrīrājen=tiratevaṟ(ku) yā(ṇ)ṭu 9 vatu [|]
A(ti)rā¿t?⟨c⟩arācamaṇṭalat(tu) veṅkālaṉāṭṭu ka(ṇa)vatinal(lūr
kīḻ)pāk(k)e⟨7⟩llai Eruttukkuḷattu(kku){tu} meṟkum [|] vaṭapākkellai
nāṭṭupperuvaḻikku teṟkum [|] teṉpākkellai (Āṟ)ṟukku {vaṭa}⟨8⟩{kku}
vaṭakkum [|] mel(p)ākkellai I(rā)cama(h)entriraṉ vatikku ki(ḻak)kum [|]
I(ṉ)ṉāṉkellai(k)kuṭpaṭ(ṭa) nilanañ(cai) puñcai ti⟨9⟩ruvānilai
mahā(t)evaṟ(ku) (v)e(ṇ)ṭum
nimantaṅkaḷuk(ku)ttiru(ṉā)ma(ttukk)ā(ṇiy)ā(ka) Uṭump¿e?⟨o⟩ṭi (Ā)mai
ta(vaḻ) puṟṟu (Eḻu)⟨10⟩nta Iṭam kaṟṟuppul perakaramuṟṟūṭṭum I(ṟu)ppatāka
nam O(lai) kuṭukka [|] tiruvā⟨y⟩ mo(ḻi)nta⟨ru⟩(ḷi)nār(e)ṉṟu
tirumantira(v)o(lai) ⟨11⟩
[kṣa]{(n)}(tri)ya{ṉ}ś{r}i¿kā?⟨khā⟩ma¿ṉa?⟨ṇi⟩va(ḷa)nāṭṭu
paṉaiyū⟨r⟩n(ā)ṭṭu nervāyiluṭ(ai)yāṉ tāḻitiruppa(ṉa){na}ṅkāṭu
(U)ṭ(ai)yāṉāṉa vāṉavaṉpal⟨12⟩lavata⟨r⟩aiyaṉ Eḻut(tu) [|]
(ti)ruman(ti)raO(lai)nā(ya)kam Irājarājaṉāṉa (t)oṇṭaim(ā)ṉ Eḻuttu [|]
(Ū)rāṉ Uttamac(o)ḻaṉāṉa Irājarāja⟨13⟩(bra)hmaṭa [1+] pa[.]e [1+] [.]ai
[1+] [|] Arai(yaṉ I)rācarācaṉā(ṉa
vī)ra⟨r⟩ājentrajeyamu(ri)nā(ṭ)āḻvā(ṉ)n¿ai?⟨e⟩(ḻu)t(tu) [|]
(U)ṭa(ṉ)kūṭṭattu Atikā[rikaḷil
kṣatri]¿kaṉ?⟨ya⟩⟨14⟩ś¿ra?⟨i⟩¿kā?⟨khā⟩maṇ¿a?⟨i⟩va(ḷa)nāṭṭu⟨p⟩
pa[ṉai]¿(ḷumuṉā)?⟨yūrnā⟩ṭṭu (j)e⟨ya⟩ṅkoṇṭaco(ḻa)nallū⟨ru⟩ṭaiyār
(U)taiya(ti)v(āka)ra(ṉ kū)t(t)ā(ṭi)yārā(ṉa
vī)rarāje(ntra)⟨15⟩ma(ḻa)varāyaṉ Eḻut(tu) [|] (I)v(ai)
pa¿(ṉtma)?⟨ṉmā⟩he(śva)rarakṣ¿a?⟨ai⟩ ∥⁓

## Apparatus

⟨2⟩ Etaramar • Read Etiramar; No. 22 reads etir por.

⟨8⟩ ma(h)entriraṉ • Read mahendraṉ or makentiraṉ.

⟨13⟩ (bra)hmaṭa [1+] pa[.]e [1+] [.]ai [1+] • Read brahmādhirāyaṉ
Eḻuttu; compare No. 20, ll. 16 and 22. — ⟨13⟩ Atikā [5+]
kaṉ⟨14⟩śrakāmaṇava(ḷa)nāṭṭu pa [1+] (ḷumuṉā)ṭṭu • Read in accordance
with No. 22, l. 10: Atikārikaḷil
kṣatriyaśikhāmaṇivaḷanāṭṭuppaṉaiyūrnāṭṭu.

## Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! While the army of his elder brother—the
king (who wielded) the sceptre (and) was embraced by the goddess of
fortune,—was at (his) back, (he) went in front (of his army) against
(the enemy) and conquered the seven and a half lakshas of Iraṭṭai-pāḍi.
(He) did not meet with opposition in battle; and (his) drums were
sounding in the eight directions of the earth. (He) fought until the
whole great army of Āhavamalla, who had proceeded to Koppam on the bank
of the great river to oppose (him), perished, and converted (it) into
reeking corpses (that) covered the earth. Then he (viz. Āhavamalla)
became afraid, incurred disgrace, and ran away. (The king) seized his
elephants and horses, women and treasures, together with the camels, and
performed the anointment of heroes, (the news of which) spread in (all)
directions. In the 9th year (of the reign) of (this) king
Para[kēsarivarman], alias the lord Śrī-Rājēndradēva, who was graciously
seated on the throne of heroes.

(L. 6.) “The eastern boundary of Ka[ṇa]vadinal[lūr] in Veṅgāla-nāḍu, (a
district) of Adhirājarāja-maṇḍalam, (is) to the west of the ‘Bull-tank;’
the northern boundary (is) to the south of the high-road of the
district; the southern boundary (is) to the north of the river; and the
western boundary (is) to the east of the road of Rājamahēndra.

(L. 8.) “Let our written order (ōlai) be issued that the wet land and
the dry land enclosed within these four boundaries (shall be given) as
temple land to (the god) Mahādēva of the Tiruvānilai (temple) for
necessary expenses,—(including every) place where the iguana runs, the
tortoise crawls and an ant-hill rises, the grass for the calves, and
(the land) enjoyed in full by the great village,[4] —(and) shall pay
taxes (to the temple).”

(L. 10.) (Thus) the king was pleased to order. The writing of the royal
secretary, Vāṉavaṉ-Pallavadaraiyaṉ, the lord of Tāḻi-Tiruppaṉaṅgāḍu
(and) the lord of Nērvāyil in Paṉaiyūr-nāḍu, (a district) of
Kshatriyaśikhāmaṇi-vaḷanāḍu. The writing of the chief secretary,
Rājarājaṉ, alias Toṇḍaimāṉ. The writing of the citizen Uttama-Śōḻaṉ,
alias Rājarāja-Brahm[ādhirāyaṉ]. The writing of Araiyaṉ Rājarājaṉ, alias
Vīrarājēndra-Jayamurināḍāḻvāṉ. The writing of Udayadivākaraṉ Kūttāḍiyār,
alias Vīrarājēndra-Maḻavarāyaṉ, (one) of the heads of the assembly (and)
the lord of Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻanallūr in Paṉaiyūr-nāḍu, (a district) of
Kshatriyaśikhāmaṇi-vaḷanāḍu.

(L. 15.) “This (charity is placed under) the protection of all
Māhēśvaras.”

## Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.21 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA
conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

### Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions.
Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I:
Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam.
South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 39–41,
item 21.

[1] See page 32 above.

[2] See Vol. II. p. 303 ff.

[3] I owe an inked estampage of this record to Mr. H.C.P.Bell, c.c.s.

[4] With the term perakaramuṟṟūṭṭu compare kaṇimuṟṟūṭṭu in Vol. II. No.
4, paragraph 2.