# Ciṉṉapāḷampākkam, time of Nr̥patuṅga, year 19

Emmanuel Francis

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00449

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy)

File path: DHARMA_INSPallava00449.xml

Language: Tamil [Grantha, Tamil]

Commit: 2026-10-08 12:16 (1b1b17c), last modified 2026-09-29 11:09
(6edbbfa)

## Summary

Cave inscription recording the foundation of a temple for Siṁhanandi
Bhaṭṭāra by Ciṟiyanaṅkaiyār in the name of Vīrattoḻilar.

## Palaeographic description

Lay-out with rules.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

## Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

kō-vicaiya-nr̥patuṅk¿u?⟨a⟩⟨2⟩ṟku yāṇṭu pattoṉpat-āvatu

pe⟨3⟩riya-peṇṇākaṭattu siṁha-nan=ti-(pa)ṭārar⟨4⟩kku paṅkala-nāṭ-uṭaiyār
koṭukkar vīra-t⟨5⟩toḻilar pērāṟ paṅkaḷa-nāṭ-uṭaiyār-(c= cū)⟨6⟩ḷ(ai)kaḷ
ciṟiya-naṅk¿e?⟨ai⟩yār ceyvitta śrī-kōyil

## Apparatus

⟨3⟩ siṁha° • The anusvāra is above the syllable ha. — ⟨3⟩ paṭārar • The
syllable pa looks like pā. — ⟨3⟩ koṭukkar ⬦ kuṭukkar D.

⟨5⟩ uṭaiyār-(c= cū)ḷ(ai)kaḷ ⬦ -uṭaiyār-t ta(ḷa)kaḷ Avanam; -uṭaiyār-t
taḷakaḷ D •

## Translation

⟨1⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨1–2⟩ Nineteenth year of the victorious king Nr̥patuṅka.[1]

⟨2–6⟩ The glorious temple that Ciṟiya-naṅkaiyār, courtesan (cūḷai-kaḷ)
of the lord (uṭaiyār) of Paṇkala-nāṭu has caused to be made for
Siṁhanandi Bhaṭṭāra of the great Peṇṇākaṭam in the name of (pēr-āl) of
Vīra-t-toḻilar ("the doer of heroic deeds"), son (koṭukkar) of the lord
of Paṇkala-nāṭu.

## Commentary

See ARIE on cūḷaikaḷ.

## Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1996–97 (ARIE/1996-1997/B/1996-1997/79).

Edited in Avanam with visual documentation (Āvaṇam 7.5). Text in Dayalan
2005.

This revised edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on the estampage
published in ARIE 1996–97.

### Primary

Avanam

[D] Dayalan, D. 2005. Computer application in Indian epigraphy (Pallava
period). 3 vols. New Delhi: Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. Volume 3, appendix
I, page 1306, item 69.

### Secondary

[ARIE] ARIE 1996–97. Annual report on Indian epigraphy for 1996-97.
Edited by M. K. Bhadri. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 2006.
Pages 3–4, 42, appendixes B/1996-1997, item 79, plate III.

[1] Sanskrit Nr̥patuṅga.