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                <title>Mahābalipuram, Kōṭikal Maṇḍapa, <foreign>biruda</foreign></title>
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                    <resp key="creator">author of digital edition</resp>
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                        <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
                        <surname>Francis</surname>
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            <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
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                <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
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                <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
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                        <summary>A <foreign>biruda</foreign>.</summary>
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                <p>
                    <lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">śrī-vāmā<unclear>ṁ</unclear>kuśaḥ</hi>
                </p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="apparatus">
                
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                    <app loc="1">
                        <lem><hi rend="grantha">śrī-vāmā<unclear>ṁ</unclear>kuśaḥ</hi></lem>
                        <note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1909-1910_01"/><citedRange unit="page">8</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">1</citedRange></bibl> notes that the <foreign>anusvāra</foreign> is doubtful. It does not indeed appear clearly on the visual documentation published in <bibl n="EH">
                            <ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1909-1910_01"/>
                            <citedRange unit="page">8</citedRange>
                            <citedRange unit="item">19</citedRange>
                        </bibl>. <foreign>In situ</foreign>, it seems to be above the letter <foreign>ku</foreign>.</note>					
                        <note>The <foreign>visarga</foreign> is clear <foreign>in situ</foreign>. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/><citedRange unit="page">586</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">1056</citedRange></bibl> reads <foreign>śrī-vāmāṅkuśa</foreign> and notes that this should be analysed as a Vocative form.</note>
                    </app>
                    
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            <div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
                <p>
                    The glorious hook of Vāma <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva</supplied>.
                </p>
                <p><hi rend="italic">or</hi></p>
                <p>
                    The glorious one whose hook is splendid/terrible/cruel.
                </p>
                <p><hi rend="italic">or</hi></p>
                <p>
                    The glorious pleasant hook.
                </p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" resp="part:emfr">
                <p>
                    Le glorieux croc de Vāma <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva</supplied>.
                </p>
                <p><hi rend="italic">ou</hi></p>
                <p>
                    Le glorieux au croc splendide/terrible/cruel.
                </p>
                <p><hi rend="italic">ou</hi></p>
                <p>
                    Le glorieux aimable croc.
                </p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" source="bib:Brocquet1997_01">
                
                <p>
                    Ô Śrī-Vāmāṅkuṣa<note>En l’absence d'autre désinence, on peut interpréter cette forme comme un vocatif.</note> <supplied reason="explanation">le croc de Vāma</supplied>.
                </p>
                
            </div>
            
            <div type="translation" source="bib:Hultzsch1909-1910_01">
                <p>
                    The glorious Vāmāṅkuśa <supplied reason="explanation">bearer of handsome elephant-goad</supplied>.
                </p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="commentary">
                <p>
                    The inscription―the only one on the monument bearing it―consists in what appears to be a <foreign>biruda</foreign>, “gloryfying soubriquet.” Although Pallava kings have had hundreds of their <foreign>biruda</foreign>s engraved on their monuments, this one does not appear among these and is found only on this pillar of the Kōṭikal Maṇḍapa. Note that the <foreign>biruda</foreign> Vāma is engraved twice on the Dharmarājaratha at Mahābalipuram. Vāmāṅkuṣa might be the <foreign>biruda</foreign> of one among the Pallava <foreign>biruda</foreign>-bearers of Mahābalipuram or of an obscure Pallava prince or, as suggested by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Srinivasan1964_01"/><citedRange unit="page">110</citedRange></bibl>, of a chief, subordinated to the Pallavas. 
                </p>      		
            </div>
            
            <div type="bibliography">
                
                <p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1907-1908"/></bibl> (ARIE/1907-1908/B/1907/530).</p>
                
                <p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1909-1910_01"/></bibl> (EI 10.1.18), with visual documentation. Text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 61). Text and translation in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/></bibl>.</p>
                
                <p>This revised edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy, photos (2009), and visual documentation published in <bibl n="EH"><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1909-1910_01"/></bibl>.</p>
                
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