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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Kāñcipuram, list of <foreign>biruda</foreign>s</title>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp key="creator">author of digital edition</resp>
                    <persName ref="part:emfr">
                        <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
                        <surname>Francis</surname>
                    </persName>
                </respStmt>                
            <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
                <pubPlace>Paris, CEIAS</pubPlace>
                <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPallava00021.xml</idno>
                <availability><licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</licence></availability>
                <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
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                    <msIdentifier><repository>as per external metadata</repository></msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                        <summary>Ekāmbaranātha temple. Pillar inscription recording a list of <foreign>biruda</foreign>s of Mahendravarman I Pallava.</summary>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <p>There is only one horizontal stroke in the letter <foreign>ṟa</foreign> (whereas the horizontal stroke is crossed by vertical a stroke, for instance in the inscription <ref target="DHARMA_INSPallava00034.xml">Pallava 34</ref>).</p>
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        <encodingDesc>
         <p>Encoded in TEI/EpiDoc according to the <ref target="https://hal.science/halshs-02888186">DHARMA Encoding Guide for Documentary Editions, version 2</ref></p>
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        <revisionDesc>
            <change who="part:emfr" when="2025-01-23" status="draft">Creation of the file</change>
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            <div type="edition">
                
                <div type="textpart" n="A" xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">
                    <head>Face A = West</head>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="tel-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">
                        <lb n="A1"/>E<seg rendition="class:telugu maturity:vernacular">ṟi</seg>
                    </p>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:vernacular">            
                        <lb n="A2"/>kucañāṇa
                    </p>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">            
                        <lb n="A3"/>mahāmeghaḥ
                    </p>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">            
                        <lb n="A4"/>dr̥dhabhaktiḥ
                    </p>
                </div>
                
                <div type="textpart" n="B" xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:83215">
                    <head>Face B = South</head>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:vernacular">
                        <lb n="B1"/>Abhimukhaḥ
                    </p>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:vernacular">            
                        <lb n="B2"/><hi rend="grantha">citrakāra</hi>puli
                    </p>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="tel-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">            
                        <lb n="B3"/>ku<seg rendition="class:telugu maturity:vernacular">ṟṟa</seg>mbu
                    </p>
                </div>
                
                <div type="textpart" n="C">
                    <head>Face C = East</head>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="tel-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">
                        <lb n="C1"/>curmbu
                    </p>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="tel-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">            
                        <lb n="C2"/>vaṁkaṁbu
                    </p>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="tel-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">            
                        <lb n="C3"/>vnā<seg rendition="class:telugu maturity:vernacular">ṟa</seg> 
                    </p>
                </div>    
                
                <div type="textpart" n="D">
                    <head>Face D = North</head>
                    <p xml:lang="tel-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">
                        <lb n="D1"/>pisugu
                    </p>
                    
                    <p xml:lang="tel-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:regional">            
                        <lb n="D2"/>vambara
                    </p>
                    
                    <p>            
                        <lb n="D3"/>bhrāntaḥ Akari
                    </p>
                </div>
                
            </div>
            
            <div type="apparatus">
                
                <div type="textpart" n="A">
                    <head>Face A = West</head>
                    
                    <listApp>
                        
                        <app loc="A1">
                            <lem>E<seg rendition="class:telugu maturity:83215">ṟi</seg></lem>
                            <rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01 bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>
                            <rdg source="bib:Brocquet1997_01">Eṟ</rdg>
                            <rdg source="bib:Lockwood+al2001_01">Ēthi</rdg>
                            <note><ptr target="bib:Lockwood+al2001_01"/> (p. 198, 216) in fact hesitates between the readings <foreign>vnāṟa</foreign> and <foreign>vnātha</foreign>. There is only one horizontal stroke in the letter <foreign>ṟa</foreign>, which makes it close to the letter <foreign>tha</foreign>.</note>
                        </app>
                        
                        <app loc="A2">
                            <lem>kucañāṇa</lem>
                            <rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01 bib:Mahalingam1988_01 bib:Brocquet1997_01">ku<hi rend="grantha">cagrā</hi>ṇa</rdg>
                            <rdg source="bib:Lockwood+al2001_01">kucañāṉa</rdg>
                        </app>
                        
                        <app loc="A3">
                            <lem>mahāmeghaḥ</lem>                
                            <rdg source="bib:Lockwood+al2001_01"/>
                            <rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01 bib:Mahalingam1988_01">mahāmegha</rdg>                
                            <rdg source="bib:Brocquet1997_01">mahāmedha</rdg>
                        </app>
                        
                    </listApp>
                    
                </div>
                
                <div type="textpart" n="B">
                    <head>Face B = South </head>
                    
                    <listApp>
                        
                        <app loc="B1">
                            <lem>Abhimukhaḥ</lem>                
                            <rdg source="bib:Lockwood+al2001_01"/>
                            <rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01 bib:Mahalingam1988_01 bib:Brocquet1997_01">Abhimukha</rdg>
                        </app>
                        
                    </listApp>
                    
                </div>
                <div type="textpart" n="C">
                    <head>Face C = East</head>
                    
                    <listApp>
                        
                        <app loc="C3">
                            <lem>vnā<seg rendition="class:telugu maturity:83215">ṟa</seg></lem>
                            <rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01 bib:Mahalingam1988_01 bib:Brocquet1997_01">vnā<seg rendition="class:telugu maturity:83215">ṟ</seg><unclear>pegu</unclear></rdg>
                            <rdg source="bib:Lockwood+al2001_01">vnātha</rdg>
                            <note>There is only one horizontal stroke in the letter <foreign>ṟa</foreign>, which makes it close to the letter <foreign>tha</foreign>.</note>                
                        </app>	
                        
                    </listApp>
                    
                </div>
                
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            <div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
                
                <div type="textpart" n="A">
                    <head>Face A = West</head>       
                    
                    <p n="A1">...</p>
                    <p n="A2">He whose knowledge is sharp.</p>       
                    <p n="A3">The great cloud.</p>
                    <p n="A4">He whose devotion is firm.</p>
                    
                </div>
                
                <div type="textpart" n="B">
                    <head>Face B = South </head>        
                    
                    <p n="B1">...</p>
                    <p n="B2">The tiger among artists.</p>       
                    <p n="B3">...</p>
                    
                </div>
                
                <div type="textpart" n="C">
                    <head>Face C = East</head>
                    
                    <p n="C1">...</p>
                    <p n="C2">...</p>       
                    <p n="C3">...</p> 
                    
                </div>
                <div type="textpart" n="D">
                    <head>Face D = North</head>
                    
                    <p n="D1">The thunderbolt.</p>
                    <p n="D2">...</p>       
                    <p n="D3">...</p>     
                    <p n="D3">...</p> 
                </div>    
                
            </div>
            
            <div type="commentary">
                
                <p>The orientation (west to north) of the pillar’s faces is given in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Jouveau-Dubreuil1919_01"/></bibl> and <ptr target="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"/>. It is presumably that of the pillar at the time it was found in situ in the Ekāmbaranātha temple. The pillar is currently (2025) displayed at the entrance of the main sculpture gallery in the Chennai Government Museum.</p>
                
            </div>
            
            
            <div type="bibliography">
                
                <p>Reported and discussed in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Jouveau-Dubreuil1919_01"/></bibl>, with visual documentation. Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1920-1921"/></bibl> (ARIE/1920-1921/C/1921/82).</p> 
                <p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"/></bibl> (SII 12.14), with visual documentation. Text in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 21). Text and French translation of the Sanskrit <foreign>biruda</foreign>s in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/></bibl> (B 17). Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Lockwood+al2001_01"/></bibl>, with delineations of the original inscriptions. See <bibl><ptr target="bib:Francis2013_01"/></bibl> (IR 29).</p>
                <p>This revised edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy (2017) and photos (<ref target="https://didomena.ehess.fr/concern/data_sets/k0698h80v">2017, by Emmanuel Francis</ref>; <ref target="https://didomena.ehess.fr/concern/data_sets/ks65hp10f">2024, by Emmanuel Francis</ref>).</p>
                
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                        <citedRange unit="page">8</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="item">14</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="plate">IV</citedRange>
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                        <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>
                        <citedRange unit="page">100-101</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="item">21</citedRange>            		
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                    <bibl n="B">
                        <ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/>
                        <citedRange unit="page">100-101</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="item">17</citedRange>            		
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                    <bibl n="L">
                        <ptr target="bib:Lockwood+al2001_01"/>
                        <citedRange unit="page">193-222</citedRange>            
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                    <bibl n="ARIE">
                        <ptr target="bib:ARIE1920-1921"/>
                        <citedRange unit="page">65</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="appendix">C/1921</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="item">51</citedRange>
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                    <bibl>            
                        <ptr target="bib:Francis2013_01"/>
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