# Gold Foils from the Khin Ba Mound Relic Chamber Arlo Griffiths, Marc Miyake and Julian Karl Wheatley Authors of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths, Marc Miyake, Julian Karl Wheatley Identifier: DHARMA_INSPYU00045 Repository: Pyu (tfc-pyu-epigraphy) File path: DHARMA_INSPYU00045.xml Language: Pali [Script (unspecified)] Commit: 2026-09-09 14:27 (899538b), last modified 2026-09-09 14:27 (899538b) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ## Edition ⟨Page 1⟩⟨marginleft: 2⟩ ⟨1⟩ * siddhaM ∥ Āvijjapaccayā saṅkhāra saṅkhārapaccayā viññaṇa ⟨2⟩ viññaṇapacca◯yā nāmarūpaṁ _ nāmarūpapaccayā ◯ saḷāyatanaṁ ⟨3⟩ saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso _ phassapaccayā vedanā _ vedanapaccayā ⟨Page 2⟩⟨marginleft: 3⟩ ⟨4⟩ taṇhā _ taṇhapaccayā Upādanā _ Upādānapaccayā bhavo _ bhavapaccayā ⟨5⟩ jāti _ jātipa◯ccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ _ sokaparidevi◯ta_ duẖ(kha)do⟨6⟩manassūpāyāsa sambhava(n)ti _ Evam etassa kevalassa dukkhakhandha ⟨Page 3⟩⟨marginleft: 4⟩⟨7⟩ssa samudayo _ hotī ti _ Āvijjāya tv eva Asesavirāganirodhā ⟨8⟩ saṅkhāranirodho ◯ saṅkhāranirodhā viññaṇanirodho ◯ viññaṇanirodhā ⟨9⟩ nāmarūpanirodho _ nāmarūpanirodhā _ saḷāyatananirodho _ saḷāya ⟨Page 4⟩⟨marginleft: 5⟩⟨10⟩tananirodhā _ phassanirodho _ phassanirodhā vedanānīrodho _ ⟨11⟩ vedananirodhā ◯ taṇhanirodho _ taṇhanirodhā Upa◯dānanirodho ⟨12⟩ upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho bhavanirodhā jātinirodho _ ⟨Page 5⟩⟨marginleft: 6⟩ ⟨13⟩ jātinirodhā _ jarāmaraṇasokaparidevitaduẖkhadomanassūpāyā⟨14⟩sa nirūjjhantī ti ◯ Evam etassa kevalassa duẖkha◯khandhassa nirodho ⟨15⟩ hotī ti @∥@∥@ UdayavayabhaṅgabhayaAdinnavaniccidamuṁjatuUpekkha ⟨Page 6⟩⟨marginleft: 7⟩ ⟨16⟩ (siddham) siddha _ cattāro satipaṭthānā _ cattāro samappadhāna _ cattāro Iddhippādā ⟨17⟩ pañcindriyani ◯ pañca balāni _ satta bājñaṅgāni ◯ Ariyo Aṭṭha⟨18⟩ṅgiko maggo 30 7 cattarimāni bhikkhuve tathā(ga)tassa vesārajjāni ⟨Page 7⟩⟨marginleft: 8⟩ ⟨19⟩ yehi vesārajjehi samannāgato tathā(ga)to _ Āsabhan thānaṁ paṭi⟨20⟩jānāti pari◯sāsu sihanādaṁ nadati _ (b)rahma◯cakkam (v)atteti – ⟨21⟩ katamāni cattāri _ sammāsaṁbuddhassa te paṭijānāti _ Ime dhammā ⟨Page 8⟩⟨marginleft: 9⟩ ⟨22⟩ Anābhisaṁbuddhā ti _ tattra vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ brāhmaṇo vā _ devo vā _ ⟨23⟩ māro vā _ ◯ ko ci vā lokasmiṁ sahadhammena pa◯ṭicodessantī ti ⟨24⟩ nimittam etaṁ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ Etaṁ pāhaṁ bhik(kh)ave nim(i)tta ⟨Page 9⟩⟨marginleft: 10⟩⟨25⟩m etaṁ _ Asamanupassanto khemāpatto _ Abhayapatto _ vesārajjāpatto ⟨26⟩ viharāmi 1 _ ◯ khīṇāsavassa te paṭijānanto _ ◯ Ime Āsavā ⟨27⟩ Aparikkhīṇā ti _ tattrā vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ brāhmaṇo vā _ devo vā _ ⟨Page 10⟩⟨marginleft: 11⟩ ⟨28⟩ māro vā _ ko ci vā lokasmiṁ _ sahadhammena paṭicodessantī ti _ nimittam e⟨29⟩taṁ bhikkhave na sa◯manupassāmi _ Etaṁ pāhaṁ bhikkhave ◯ nimittaṁ Asa⟨30⟩manupassanto _ khemapatto Abhayapatto vesarajjāpatto viharāmi 2 ⟨Page 11⟩⟨marginleft: 2 10⟩ ⟨31⟩ ye kho pana te Antarāyikā dhammā vuttā te paṭisevanto nālaṁ Antara⟨32⟩yāyāti tattra ◯ vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ brāhmaṇo vā ◯ devo vā māro ⟨33⟩ vā ko ci vā lokasmiṁ sahadhammena paṭicodessatī ti nimittam etaṁ ⟨Page 12⟩⟨marginleft: 3 10⟩ ⟨34⟩ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ Etaṁ pāhaṁ bhikkhave nimittaṁ Asamanu⟨35⟩passanto khe◯mapatto Abhayapatto vesā◯rajjāpatto ⟨36⟩ viharāmi 3 yassa kho pana te Atthāya dhammo desito _ so na nī ⟨Page 13⟩⟨marginleft: 4 10⟩⟨37⟩yati takkarassa sammadukkhakhayāyā ti _ tattra vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ (bra)hma⟨38⟩ṇo ⬦ brāhmaṇo Falk 1997. vā _ devo vā ◯ māro vā _ ko ci vā lokasmiṁ saha◯dhammena paṭico⟨39⟩dessanti ti _ nimittam etaṁ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ Etaṁ pāhaṁ bhikkha ⟨Page 14⟩⟨marginleft: 5 10⟩⟨40⟩ve nīmittaṁ Asamanupassanto khemapatto Abhayapatto viha⟨41⟩rāmi Imā◯ni kho bhikkhave _ cattāri tathāgata◯ssa vesāra⟨42⟩jjānītī ti ∥@ katamehi bhagavā _ cuddasehi buddhañāṇe ⟨Page 15⟩⟨marginleft: 6 10⟩⟨43⟩hi samannāgato tathāgato _ duẖkhe ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ _ dukkhasamudaye ⟨44⟩ ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ ◯ 2 dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 2 ◯ dukkhanirodha⟨45⟩gāmini paṭipade ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇa 4 At(th)apaṭisaṁbhide ñāṇaṁ ⟨Page 16⟩⟨marginleft: 7 10⟩ ⟨46⟩ buddhañāṇaṁ 5 _ dhammapaṭisaṁbhide ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 6 nirūtti⟨47⟩paṭisaṁbhide ◯ ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 7 paṭibhāna◯paṭisabhi⟨48⟩de ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 8 yamakapaṭiherañāṇaṁ _ buddhañāṇaṁ 9 ⟨Page 17⟩⟨marginleft: 8 10⟩ ⟨49⟩ vehākarūṇasamāpattiyā ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ savvaññutañāṇaṁ buddha⟨50⟩ñāṇaṁ Anāva◯raṇāñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇa _ Ime◯hi bhagavā ⟨51⟩ cuddasehi buddhañāṇehi samannāgato ti ti ∥@ ⟨Page 18⟩⟨marginleft: 9 10⟩ ⟨52⟩ maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho _ saccānaṁ caturo padā _ virāgo se⟨53⟩ṭṭho dhammānaṁ ◯ dīpadānaṁ cecakkhumā ti ∥@ ◯ siṁddhaṁ _ danto dantehi ⟨54⟩ saha puraṇajaṭilehi vippamuttehi _ siṁginikasavaṇṇo rājāgahaṁ pavisi bhagavā 1 ⟨Page 19⟩ ⟨55⟩ mutto muttehi saha puraṇajaṭilehi _ sigini(kasa)vaṇṇo rājāgahaṁ pavisi bhagavā _ 2 ⟨56⟩ tiṇṇo tiṇṇehi sa◯ha puraṇajaṭilehi _ vippamuttehi _ siginika◯vaṇṇo rājāgahaṁ pa⟨57⟩visi bhagavā 3 dasabale dasavāso dasadhaṁma cupeto _ so dasasataṁparivaro rājagahaṁ pavisi bha⟨58⟩gavā 4 yo dhiro sabbadhi danto suddho Appaṭipuggalo Arahaṁ sugato loke tassahaṁ parivarako ti ∥@ ⟨Page 20⟩ ⟨59⟩ @∥ Iti pi so tagavā Arahaṁ saṁmāsaṁbuddho vijjācaraṇasaṁpanno sugato lokavidū Anutta(r)o ⟨60⟩ purisadaṁmasārathī ◯ satthā devāmanussānā(ṁ) bundho bhagavā ti ◯ sukhi bhavatu | 5 ## Apparatus ⟨1⟩ 30 7 • See Falk’s comment on what he interprets as a closing punctuation mark on p. 63. ⟨2⟩ viññaṇapacca◯yā ⬦ viññaṇāpacca◯yā Falk 1997. ⟨8⟩ viññaṇanirodho ◯ viññaṇanirodhā ⬦ viññāṇanirodho viññāṇanirodhā Falk 1997. ⟨15⟩ niccida ⬦ nibbida Falk 1997. — ⟨15⟩ Upekkha ⬦ Upekkhā Falk 1997. ⟨18⟩ 30 7 ⬦ Schlußzeichen Falk 1997. ⟨20⟩ (v)atteti – ⬦ vatteti Falk 1997. ⟨37⟩ (bra)hma⟨38⟩ṇo ⟨44⟩ 2 ⬦ 3 Falk 1997. ⟨49⟩ vehā ⬦ mahā Falk 1997. ⟨53⟩ ce ⬦ ca Falk 1997. ⟨57⟩ dasavāso ⬦ dasavāsa Falk 1997. ⟨59⟩ tagavā ⬦ bhagavā Falk 1997. — ⟨59⟩ lokavidū Anutta(r)o ⬦ lokavidu Anuttano Falk 1997. ⟨60⟩ devāmanussānā(ṁ) bundho ⬦ devāmanussānā buddho Falk 1997. — ⟨60⟩ | 5 ⬦ Schlußzeichen Falk 1997. ## Commentary 18. : the is poorly realized, approaching in shape; see line 19. 19. : the is poorly realized, approaching in shape; see line 18. 20. : for the same unusual shape of , see line 37. 37. : for the same unusual shape of , see line 20. 43. : the scribe rather seems to have written . ## Bibliography The discovery of excerpts in Pali from the Abhidhamma and Vinaya inscribed on 20 gold leaves (in the style of palm-leaf manuscripts) was first reported in No name N.d., pp. 1926–27: 178–80, 200–1. The inscription was carefully edited by Lu Pe Win in ASB. A complete Burmese transcription appears in Tha Myat [sā mrat] 1963, pp. 25–33. Luce 1985, pp. I, 139, provides an overview and a summary of earlier literature. Than Hswe [sanḥ chve] 1992 is a study of the script used for the inscription. Falk 1997 provides a Romanized transliteration with notes. Finally, Stargardt 2000, pp. 22, 24–7, includes a detailed description of “The Golden Pali Text” with commentary. Re-edited here from published photographs. ### Primary Griffiths, Arlo, Marc Miyake & Julian K. Wheatley. 2018–03–26. “Corpus of Pyu inscriptions.” Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1207290. [URL]. Item DHARMA_INSPYU00045. ### Secondary Than Hswe [sanḥ chve]. 1991. pyū cā khaṅ bha rhve pe khyap dhāt puṁ myāḥ [Photographs of the Pyū Text of the Khin Bha Gold Leaves]. Yangon: Myanmar Literature Association.