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                <title>Mēlappaḻuvūr, Agastyeśvara temple, time of Rājakesarivarman, year 22</title>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp key="creator">author of digital edition</resp>
                    <persName ref="part:vagi">
                        <forename>Valérie</forename>
                        <surname>Gillet</surname>
                    </persName>
                    <persName ref="part:emfr">
                        <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
                        <surname>Francis</surname>
                    </persName>
                </respStmt>                
            <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
                <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
                <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSMelKil00014.xml</idno>
                <availability><licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</licence></availability>
                <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
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                    <msIdentifier><repository>as per external metadata</repository></msIdentifier>
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                        <summary><p>AIM, southern shrine; on the easternmost wall section of the southern façade of the <foreign>ardha-maṇḍapa</foreign>, upper inscription; 22nd regnal year of Kōvirājakesarivarman = probably Āditya I (<foreign>circa</foreign> 893 A.D.); SII identifies the king with Rājarāja I; h) the <foreign>puḷḷi</foreign>s (the dots added above the letter to signify that the vowel is dropped) are marked, which would confirm a date in the 9th century.</p></summary>
                        
                            
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <p>The <foreign>puḷḷi</foreign> is used. Notable also above duplicated consonant Grantha ligatures.</p>
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            <change who="part:emfr" when="2025-05-17" status="draft">Creation of the file</change>
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            <div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:vernacular">
                
                <ab>
                    <lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>
                </ab>
                <p>
                    <hi rend="grantha">ko</hi>vi<hi rend="grantha">rājakesaripa<ref>r</ref>m<surplus>·</surplus>ma</hi>t·ku yāṇ·ṭu y-irupat<unclear>·</unclear>t' iraṇ<unclear>·</unclear>ṭāvatu
                </p>
                <p>
                    kuṉ·ṟa-k·-kuṟ·ṟat·tu
                    <lb n="2"/>A<hi rend="grantha">ma</hi>ni-<hi rend="grantha">ka</hi>n=ta<hi rend="grantha"><reg>r</reg><choice><unclear>v·v</unclear><unclear>p·p</unclear></choice>a-Īśvara-kara</hi>t·tu <hi rend="grantha">mahāde</hi>vaṟ·ku poy·kaik·kuṟuviṭat·tu vēṭ·ṭak·kuṭāṉ
                    <lb n="3"/>vaṭukaṉ· m<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>tavaṉ· paḻuvēṭ·ṭaraiyaṉ· kumaraṉ· maṟavaṉ· <hi rend="grantha">prasā<surplus>hā</surplus></hi>
                    <lb n="4" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">da</hi>tt<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>ṉāl aruḷic·ceyya It·taḷi-t· tēvatāṉam· Ūkaṉ·kuṭi <hi rend="grantha">Apoha</hi>naṅ kiṭan·
                    <lb n="5" break="no"/>ta <hi rend="grantha">bhūmi</hi>yaik· kal·li Iraṇ·ṭu pūvum· viḷaiya macak·ki-k kuṭut·ta n<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>r-nilam Eṭṭu mā
                </p>
                <p>
                    Ip
                    <lb n="6" break="no"/>pūmiyil· pōṉ·ta pōkaṅ· koṇ·ṭu Iraṇ·ṭu taḷiIlum· Orō na<hi rend="grantha">ndā</hi>-viḷakku Ira
                    <lb n="7" break="no"/>vum· pakalum· Erippōm āṉōm It·taḷip· paṭṭuṭaiyōm· Ēḻuvōm·
                </p>
                <p>
                    Iv·viḷak·ku
                    <lb n="8"/><hi rend="grantha">rakṣi</hi>p·pār Amani-kan=ta<hi rend="grantha"><reg>r</reg>pa<surplus>·</surplus>pura</hi>t·tu nakarat<unclear>·</unclear>tār aṭi y-eṉ<unclear>·</unclear> ṟalai mēlaṉa <g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:tam-pillaiyarCuli" type="punctuation">.</g>
                    
                </p>
                
            </div>
            
            <div type="apparatus">
                <listApp>
                    <app loc="1">
                        <lem>°<hi rend="grantha">pam<surplus>·</surplus>ma</hi>t·ku</lem>
                        <rdg source="bib:SrinivasaRao1952_01">°<hi rend="grantha">parmma</hi><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>ku</rdg>
                        <rdg source="bib:Gillet2024_01">°<hi rend="grantha">panmma</hi>tku</rdg>
                    </app>
                    
                    <app loc="5">
                        <lem source="bib:SrinivasaRao1952_01"><hi rend="grantha">bhūmi</hi>yaik</lem>
                        <rdg source="bib:Gillet2024_01"><hi rend="grantha">bhumi</hi>yaik</rdg>
                    </app>
                    
                    <app loc="8">
                        <lem>Amanikan=ta<hi rend="grantha"><reg>r</reg>pa<surplus>·</surplus>pura</hi>t·tu</lem>
                        <rdg source="bib:SrinivasaRao1952_01">Amani<hi rend="grantha">ka</hi>n=ta<hi rend="grantha">rvapura</hi>ttu</rdg>
                        <rdg source="bib:Gillet2024_01">Amanikanta<hi rend="grantha">papura</hi>ttu</rdg>
                    </app>
                    
                </listApp>
                
            </div>
            
            <div type="translation" source="bib:Gillet2024_01">
                <p>Fortune! Prosperity! <supplied reason="subaudible">This is</supplied> 
                    the 22nd year of Kōvirājakesarivarman. To Mahādeva
                    of the temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>karattu</foreign>, that is, <foreign>gr̥hattu</foreign></supplied> of the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>īśvara</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> Amanikantavva/ppa
                    <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>amani</foreign>, that is, <foreign>avani</foreign></supplied> of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, Vēṭṭakkuṭāṉ Vaṭukaṉ Mātavaṉ <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>matavaṉ</foreign>, that is, <foreign>mātavaṉ</foreign></supplied> of Poykaikkuṟuviṭam, by the grace of <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>prasāhāttaṉāl</foreign>, that is, <foreign>prasādattiṉāl</foreign></supplied>
                    Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyaṉ Kumaraṉ Kaṇṭaṉ who graciously ordered <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aruḷicceyya</foreign><note>Literally: graciously
                    made.</note></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">the following</supplied>: having worked the soil <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kalli</foreign></supplied> of the land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhūmiyai</foreign></supplied> which
                    was lying <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kiṭanta</foreign></supplied> without enjoyment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>apohanan</foreign></supplied> in Ūkaṉkuṭi, a <foreign>devadāna</foreign> of
                    this temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ittaḷi</foreign></supplied>, having prepared the land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>macakki</foreign></supplied> so that two crops <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iraṇṭu pūvum</foreign></supplied> grow <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viḷaiya</foreign></supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">Vēṭṭakkuṭāṉ Vaṭukaṉ Mātavaṉ</supplied> gave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭutta</foreign></supplied> eight <foreign>mā</foreign>s
                    of wet land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nīrnilam</foreign></supplied>; with <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>koṇṭu</foreign></supplied> the produce <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pōkaṅ</foreign></supplied> which came <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poṉta</foreign></supplied> out
                    of this land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ippūmiyil</foreign></supplied>, we, the Paṭṭuṭaiyārs of this temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ittaḷi</foreign></supplied>, we the Seven
                    <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ēḻuvōm</foreign></supplied>, will burn <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>erippōmāṉōm</foreign></supplied> night and day a perpetual lamp respectively <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>orō nandāviḷakku</foreign>, that is, <foreign>nontāviḷakku</foreign></supplied> in the two temples <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iraṇṭu taḷiilum</foreign></supplied>. The Nagarattārs of
                    Amanikantapapuram will protect <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>rakṣippār</foreign></supplied> this lamp <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivviḷakku</foreign></supplied>. May their feet be
                    on my head <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṭi-y-eṉ-talai mēlaṉa</foreign></supplied>.</p>
            </div>
            
            <div type="commentary"/>
            
            
            
            <div type="bibliography">
                
                <p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/></bibl> (ARIE/1923-1924/C/1924/360).</p>    
                <p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SrinivasaRao1952_01"/></bibl> (<ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv13p0i0298.xml">SII 13.298</ref>). Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gillet2024_01"/></bibl>, based on autopsy and photographs (<ref target="https://didomena.ehess.fr/concern/data_sets/sf268f40r">Valérie Gillet, 2016-2018</ref>).</p>
                <p>This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.</p>
                
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                        <ptr target="bib:SrinivasaRao1952_01"/>
                        <citedRange unit="page">TBC</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="item">298</citedRange>
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                        <ptr target="bib:Gillet2024_01"/>
                        <citedRange unit="page">148-149</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="item">14</citedRange>
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                        <ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/>
                        <citedRange unit="page">73</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="appendix">C/1924</citedRange>
                        <citedRange unit="item">360</citedRange>
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