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                <title>Kanheri Cave 21 Verandah Inscription</title>
              
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                        <forename>Kelsey</forename>
                        <surname>Martini</surname>
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                        <forename>Kelsey</forename>
                        <surname>Martini</surname>
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                    <persName ref="part:vito">
                        <forename>Vincent</forename>
                        <surname>Tournier</surname>
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            <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
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           <p>  
           <lb n="1"/>sidhaṃ <g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g>
           <lb n="2"/>raño gotamiputasa sāmisiriyañas<unclear>a</unclear>takaṇi<add place="below">sa</add> savachar<unclear>e</unclear> <num value="14"><g type="numeral">10</g><g type="numeral">4</g></num> gi
           <lb n="3" break="no"/>mh<unclear>ā</unclear>ṇa pakh<unclear>e</unclear> <num value="1">1</num> d<unclear>i</unclear>vas<unclear>e</unclear> <num value="5">5</num> <space/> kāl<unclear>i</unclear>yaṇavāṭhavasa <space/> negamasa <space/> <unclear>Ā</unclear>ṇa
           <lb n="4" break="no"/>daputasa <space/> U<unclear>pā</unclear>sakasa <space/> Apareṇusa <space/> saparivārasa <space/> sah<unclear>ā</unclear> 
           <lb n="5"/>kuḍubiṇiya <space/> Āṇaṃdamātu<unclear>k</unclear>āv<unclear>ā</unclear>riṇikāya <space/> sahā b<unclear>ā</unclear>la<unclear>ke</unclear>na <space/> <unclear>Ā</unclear>ṇaṃd<unclear>e</unclear>ṇa
           <lb n="6"/>saha ca suṇh<unclear>ā</unclear>hi <space/> <unclear>A</unclear>ṇa<supplied reason="lost">dena mā</supplied><unclear>t</unclear><supplied reason="lost">u</supplied>l<unclear>eṇa</unclear> s<unclear>a</unclear>ha ca <space/> dhāmadevāya
           <lb n="7"/>saha <unclear>ca</unclear> sa<space type="defect"/><unclear>ve</unclear>ṇa <space/> Ahavi Āpano <space/> Āmāpitār<unclear>o</unclear> <space/> Udise
           <lb n="8"/>pāvate kāṇhase<space type="defect"/>le <space/> leṇaṁ <space/> koḍhi ca <space/> deyadhāmaṁ <space/> cā<unclear>t</unclear>udise  
           <lb n="9"/>bh<unclear>i</unclear>khusaghe <space/> padiṭhāpitaṃ <space/> sāvasa<space type="defect"/>taṇ<unclear>i</unclear> hitasughatha <g ref="sym:san-svastika-left" type="symbol">*</g>
           <lb n="10" break="no"/>Etasa ca Akhayanivi datā kāhāpaṇāna<unclear>ṃ</unclear> satāni be <num value="200"><g type="numeral">200</g></num> 
           <lb n="11" break="no"/>saghasa yeva hathe paḍike sate Etha ca Ādhapaṇaṁ
           <lb n="12"/>khetayasa kheta gāme magalaṭh<unclear>ā</unclear><space type="defect"/>ne bhojā kapati Eto
           <lb n="13"/>sa<unclear>ṁ</unclear>ghaṇa <space/> dātava civariko soḷasaka <space/> paḍīko ca m<unclear>ā</unclear>so Utukāle    
   
          </p> 
         </div>
          
          
          
          
         <div type="apparatus">
           
               <listApp>
                  <app loc="1">
                     <lem>sidhaṃ <g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g></lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">sidhaṃ <g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g></rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">sidhaṃ <g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g></rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">sidhaṃ</rdg>   
                     <note>Although perhaps unexpected, the triple <foreign>daṇḍa</foreign> is clear.</note> 
                  </app>
                   <app loc="2">
                     <lem>sāmisiriyañas<unclear>a</unclear>takaṇi<add place="below">sa</add></lem>
                    <note>Prior scholars do not note that the final sa is inserted interlinearly. This interlinear  -sa- is inordinately large for no obvious reason, perhaps suggesting that it was added at a later time by a different engraver.</note>
                  </app>
                   <app loc="3">
                     <lem>kāl<unclear>i</unclear>yaṇa</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">kāliyāṇa</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">kālayaṇa</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">kāliyāṇa</rdg>     
                  </app>
                   <app loc="4">
                     <lem>U<unclear>pā</unclear>sakasa</lem>
                    <note>The shape of what we read as <foreign>-pā-</foreign> is odd, and it seems that the engraver might have first engraved a <foreign>-va-</foreign>, before correcting himself, thereby resulting in an ambiguous akṣara.</note>   
                  </app>
                   <app loc="5">
                     <lem>kuḍubiṇiya</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">kuḍubiniya</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">kuḍubiniya</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">kuḍubiniya</rdg>     
                  </app>
               <app loc="5">
                     <lem>Āṇaṃdamātu<unclear>k</unclear>āv<unclear>ā</unclear>riṇikāya</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">Āṇadamātu <unclear>ju</unclear>vārinikāya</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">Āṇadamātu <unclear>ju</unclear>vārinikāya</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">Āṇadamātu <unclear>ju</unclear>vārinikāya</rdg>     
                  </app>
                   <app loc="6">
                     <lem><unclear>A</unclear>ṇa<supplied reason="lost">dena mā</supplied><unclear>t</unclear><supplied reason="lost">u</supplied>l<unclear>eṇa</unclear> s<unclear>a</unclear>ha ca</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">Aṇa <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> la <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> sipeca</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">Aṇa <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> la <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> sipe ca</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">Aṇa <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/> la <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/> sipeca</rdg> 
                       <note>This reconstructed reading is somewhat uncertain however it fits the context well.</note>
                  </app>
                  
                   <app loc="6">
                     <lem>dhāmadevāya</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">dhāmadev<unclear>i</unclear>ya</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">dhāmadev<unclear>i</unclear>ya</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">dhāmadev<unclear>i</unclear>ya</rdg>   
                  </app>
                   <app loc="7">
                     <lem>Āpano</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">Āpaṇā</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">Āpaṇā</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">Āpaṇā</rdg>   
                  </app>
                   <app loc="7">
                     <lem>sa<space type="defect"/><unclear>ve</unclear>ṇa</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/>veṇa</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/>veṇa</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/>veṇa</rdg>
                     <note>West notes that “The spaces in the [seventh] and [eighth] lines are probably blank”, a correct observation given that we have <foreign>kāṇhase<space type="defect"/>le</foreign> in l. 8.</note>  
                  </app>
                   <app loc="7">
                     <lem>Udise</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">Udisa</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">Udisa</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">Udisa</rdg>   
                  </app>
                   <app loc="9">
                     <lem>padiṭhāpitaṃ</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">paḍiṭhāpita</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">paḍiṭhāpita</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">paḍiṭhāpita</rdg>   
                     <note>Although we expect a retroflex here (or at least a <foreign>-ti-</foreign>), this is clearly a <foreign>-di-</foreign>, cf. l. 5 <foreign>ḍu</foreign>/l. 11 <foreign>ḍi</foreign>/l. 13 <foreign>ḍī</foreign> and l. 7 <foreign>di</foreign>/l. 8 <foreign>di</foreign>.</note>  
                  </app>
                   <app loc="9">
                     <lem>sāvasa<space type="defect"/>taṇ<unclear>i</unclear></lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">sāvasatāṇaṃ</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">sāvasatāṇaṃ</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">sāvasatāṇaṃ</rdg>   
                  </app>
                   <app loc="10">
                     <lem>kāhāpaṇāna<unclear>ṃ</unclear></lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">kāhāpaṇān<unclear>i</unclear></rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">kāhāpaṇān<unclear>i</unclear></rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">kāhāpaṇān<unclear>i</unclear></rdg>
                     <note>There is no i-mātra on the final akṣara, however this may be compared with <ref target="DHARMA_INSKanheri00035.xml">KI00035 l. 3</ref> <foreign>Akhayanivi ca dinā kāhāpaṇāṇaṁ</foreign> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSKanheri00033.8.xml">KI00033 l. 8</ref> <foreign>kahāvaṇāṇaṁ śatāni <space/> <num value="16"><g type="numeral">10</g><unclear><g type="numeral">6</g></unclear></num></foreign> (perhaps cf. EIAD 200.13 <foreign>kāhāpanāna ca purānasahasa Akhayaniv(<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied></foreign> and EIAD 201.14 <foreign>purāna kāhāpanāna Akhanivi <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></foreign>.</note>   
                       
                  </app>
                   <app loc="10">
                     <lem><num value="200"><g type="numeral">200</g></num></lem>
                      <note>This numeral extends all the way into the line below.</note>    
                  </app>
                   <app loc="12">
                     <lem>khetayasa</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">khetiyasa</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">khetiyasa</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">khetiyasa</rdg>   
                  <note>The reading is clear.</note>
                   </app>
                   <app loc="12">
                     <lem>magalaṭh<unclear>ā</unclear><space type="defect"/>ne</lem> 
                  <note>Prior scholars do not note the space due to a fault in the stone. It appears that the ā-mātra here is positioned above the <foreign>-th-</foreign>. We find this as well in the first akṣara of <ref target="DHARMA_INSKanheri00084.xml">KI00084 l. 6</ref>and in both cases it is unclear if the mātra is "floating" above the akṣara or if it is connected with a vertical line.</note>
                   </app>
                   <app loc="12">
                     <lem>bhojā kapati</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">bhojākapati</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">bhojākapati</rdg>   
                   </app>
                   <app loc="13">
                     <lem>paḍīko</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">paḷiko</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">paḷiko</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">paḷiko</rdg>   
                   </app>
                   <app loc="13">
                     <lem>m<unclear>ā</unclear>so</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Burgess+Buhler1883_01">māse</rdg>
                     <rdg source="bib:Mirashi1981_01">māse</rdg>  
                     <rdg source="bib:Gokhale1991_01">māse</rdg>
                     <note>The reading of the final akṣara is clear, but understand <foreign>māse</foreign>.</note>  
                   </app>
               </listApp>
         </div>
          
          
          
          
          
         <div type="translation">
 	<p n="1-3">Success! On the 5th day of the 1st fortnight of the hot season in the 16th year of the king Gotamiputa Sāmisiriyaññasātakaṇṇi.</p>
    <p n="3-9">A cave and <foreign>koḍhi</foreign> on the Kāṇhasela Mountain: the meritorious gift of the lay follower Apareṇu, son of the market councillor Anada [and] resident of Kalyan, with the retinue. Together with the <foreign>kuḍubini</foreign> Kāvāriṇikā, the mother of Āṇada; together with the son Āṇada and together with the daughter-in-laws; [and together] with the maternal uncle Aṇada and together with Dhāmadevā; and together with all. [The merit is] assigned to his very own mother and father. Established for the universal order of monks, for the purpose of the welfare and happiness of all beings.</p>
    <p n="10-13">And for this, an <foreign>akhayanivi</foreign> of two hundred — 200 — <foreign>kāhāpaṇas</foreign> has been given. [The interest is set at] a <foreign>paḍika</foreign> to the hundred in the hand of this very Saṃgha. (l. 11-13) And in this, the ownership of the half-<foreign>paṇa</foreign> field owner [in] a field in the village of Magalaṭhāṇa is arranged. From this, a cloth money of sixteen and a paḍika per month in the season is to be given to the Saṃgha</p>         
         </div>
          
          
          
          
         <div type="commentary">
      <p>Prior Scholars do not make note of the use of semantic spaces throughout l. 2-9.</p>
      <p>It seems probable that the “post-script” recording the donation of the <foreign>akṣayanīvī</foreign> was carved at a later time and should perhaps be considered a separate inscription. This was already noted by West who states “The last four lines being more distinct than the rest, and probably cut subsequently”. Not only are l. 10-13 carved noticeably deeper than the preceding text, they also contain no spaces between words and the <foreign>ta-</foreign>s are written in the looped style.</p>       
         </div> 
          
          
          
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           <p/>   
            
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            </listBibl>
        </div>
      </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
