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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Stela of Pereng, also known as Wukiran inscription (784 Śaka, 863-1-25 CE)</title>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp key="contributor">EpiDoc Encoding</resp>
                    <persName ref="part:argr">
                       <forename>Arlo</forename>
                       <surname>Griffiths</surname>
                    </persName>
                 </respStmt>
                 <respStmt>
                    <resp key="creator">intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
                    <persName ref="part:argr">
                       <forename>Arlo</forename>
                       <surname>Griffiths</surname>
                    </persName>
                 </respStmt>
              <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
              <publicationStmt>
                 <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
                 <pubPlace>Jakarta</pubPlace>
                 <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSIDENKSWukiran.xml</idno>
                 <availability><licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</licence></availability>
                <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc><!-- only the handDesc can be filled in at this stage -->
                <msDesc><!-- //// NB: the msIdentifier had to be added for validation purposes ///. It will be edited later with the metadata spreadsheet -->
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <repository>as per external metadata</repository>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents><!-- describe the intellectual content of an inscription -->
                        <summary><!-- //// NOT MANDATORY  ////--></summary> <!-- offers the possibility to give a summary of the inscription's content -->
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <p>The lettering is typical for the 9th c. CE.<!-- The script name(s) will be inserted here at a later stage from the metadata spreasheet. At this stage, you can mention here in a free-text paragraph any characteristics of the writing observed more than once in this inscription that seem unusual/uncommon or otherwise noteworthy given the general characteristics of the script in question. See EGD 11.2. --></p>
                            <!-- If you need to identify individual hands (EGD §7.5/) in addition to one or more paragraphs of general palaeographic description, wrap <summary> around the <p> or <p>s above, and, outside <summary>, create <handNote> elements for each hand as follows:
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         <p>Encoded in TEI/EpiDoc according to the <ref target="https://hal.science/halshs-02888186">DHARMA Encoding Guide for Documentary Editions, version 2</ref></p>
      </encodingDesc>
        <revisionDesc>
            <change who="part:argr" when="2024-05-24" status="draft">finished encoding the inscription</change>
            <change who="part:argr" when="2024-05-22" status="draft">started encoding the inscription</change>
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      <body>
         <div type="edition" xml:lang="kaw-Latn" rendition="class:38769 maturity:83213">
<lg n="1" met="āryā" xml:lang="san-Latn">
<l n="ab"><lb n="1"/><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g> yata Utpannaṁ viśvaṁ yatra ca jātaṁ vilīnam api yatra <g ref="sym:bullet-middle-hollow" type="symbol">*</g></l>
<l n="cd"><lb n="2"/>tasmai namo bhagavate śivāya śiva-kāriṇe tubhyaṁ</l>
</lg>
<lg n="2" met="āryā" xml:lang="san-Latn">
<l n="ab"><lb n="3"/><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g> pathagāpi dūra-duritā śūnyāpi hita-pradānimiṣa-pūrṇnā</l>
<l n="cd"><lb n="4"/>śivira-vr̥tāpy atipūtā śilā yato janmibhiḥ pūjyā <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bullet-middle-hollow" type="symbol">*</g><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
</lg>
	<!-- 4 c. śivira-: cf. śibira in the Tugu inscription, st. V. -->
<lg n="3" met="āryā" xml:lang="san-Latn">
<l n="ab"><lb n="5"/><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g> yāvat khe ravi-śaśinau yāvad dhātr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice> catus-samudra-vr̥tā</l>
<l n="cd"><lb n="6"/>yāvad daśa-diśi vāyus tāvad bhaktir valaiṅ-nāmnaḥ <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bullet-middle-hollow" type="symbol">*</g><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
</lg>
<p><lb n="7"/><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g> svasti śaka-varṣātīta <num value="784">784</num> māgha-māsa śukla-pakṣa
    <lb n="8"/>tr̥tīya soma-vāra tatkāla <abbr>rake</abbr> valaiṁ pu kumbhayo<lb break="no" n="9"/>ni puyut· saṁ ratu I halu pakviAnnira I jaṁluran· ma<lb break="no" n="10"/>veḥ savaḥ I vukiran· tampaḥ Aliḥ I <hi rend="check">tamvāhuraṁ</hi> ṅaranni<lb break="no" n="11"/>kanaṁ savaḥ dmak· caruA saṁ hyaṁ vināya</p> <p>Uvaṁ saṁ pamgat·
    <lb n="12"/>meḥhakan· Ikanaṁ savaḥ saṁ tuha kalaṁ pu nista gusti
    <lb n="13"/>si Uṅgaḥ vinkas· si manikṣa parujar· kāliḥ si Ara si
    <lb n="14"/>maṅgaḥ tuṅgū kuvu si vsi vahuta si mitra saṁ taṅuṇḍaha<lb break="no" n="15"/><hi rend="check">ri</hi><!-- maybe divide taṅuṇ ḍaha ri --> Inajar· raken mapatiḥ kāliḥ vadihati makudur· ti<lb break="no" n="16"/>ruAn·</p> <p>Asiṁ muput· Ikiṁ sīma Upadravā brahmahatya <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></p>

<lg n="4" met="āryā" xml:lang="san-Latn">
<l n="ab"><lb n="17"/><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g> vihite kalaśaja-nāmnā bhadrālokāhvaye vivudha-ge<lb break="no" n="18"/>he <g ref="sym:bullet-middle-hollow" type="symbol">*</g></l>
<l n="cd">tasyātha putra-potrāḥ bhavantu labdheṣṭapada-jīvāḥ <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
</lg>
	<!-- c. °potrāḥ : same vowel marks as in nau line 5. it means that po and pau are undifferentiated in this script. -->

<p xml:lang="san-Latn">Anya<lb break="no" n="19"/>c ca <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></p>

<lg n="5" met="āryā" xml:lang="san-Latn">
<l n="ab">jagatāṁ śivam astu sadā bho dvija-rājñāṁ<!-- De Casparis 1975 reads go-dvija-rājñāṁ --> tathā śiva-ratānāṁ</l>
<l n="cd"><lb n="20"/>śruti-bhakti-dāna-dharmmā bhavantu nārāti-rogerṣyāḥ <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:bullet-middle-hollow" type="symbol">*</g><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
</lg>

<lg n="6" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a" met="=+-++--="><lb n="21"/>tuṅgaṁ davət laṅka səR̥ḥ</l> <l n="b">vulakann i valā valaiṁ</l>
<l n="c">lo<lb break="no" n="22"/>dvāṁ vanvaniraṁ dhīmān·</l> <l n="d">kumbhayoni ṅarannira <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g><g ref="sym:circle-bullseye" type="symbol">*</g><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
</lg>
         </div>
         <div type="apparatus">
               <listApp><!-- 
                  <app loc="5">
                     <lem>dhātr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></lem>
                     <note></note>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="9">
                    <lem>pakviAnnira</lem>
                    <note>Cohen Stuart proposes the alternative reading pakdiannira (see the Verbeteringen on the last page).</note>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="10">
                    <lem>tamvā</lem>
                    <note>I would rather think tahva, but there is a stroke which probably distinguishes m from h.<seg rend="check">Split tamvāh uraṁ?</seg></note>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="11">
                    <lem source="bib:Poerbatjaraka1926_01 bib:Sarkar">caruA</lem>
                    <note>thus Sarkar; vanua Cohen Stuart. The irrealis form carva is attested in Dharma Pātañjala, f. 68v, in the phrase yan carva ri saṅ hyaṅ ‘if they are to be sacrificed to the gods’, which confirms Sarkar’s reading in elegant fashion.</note>
                  </app> -->
                  <app loc="14">
                        <lem>taṅuṇḍaha<lb break="no" n="15"/>ri</lem>
                        <note>All previous editions read <foreign>taṅuṇḍahani</foreign>. Since I cannot parse this segment, I am uncertain, but <foreign>r</foreign> seems a bit more likely than <foreign>n</foreign> at the start of line 15.</note>
                </app>
               </listApp>
         </div>
         <div type="translation" resp="part:argr">
 	<p rend="stanza" n="1">Whence all arises, and wherein <supplied reason="subaudible">all</supplied> is born, wherein <supplied reason="subaudible">all</supplied> dissolves: homage to that Lord Śiva, who acts benevolently — to you!</p>
     <p rend="stanza" n="2">Though it is on the road, accidents are far from it; though it is empty, it grants good and is full of fish; though it is surrounded by an encampment, it is more than tidy — this is why the stone is to be worshiped by mortals.</p>
     <p rend="stanza" n="3">As long as sun and moon are in the sky; as long as the earth is girded by the four oceans; as long as the winds is <supplied reason="subaudible">blowing</supplied> in the ten quarters of space — so long <supplied reason="subaudible">may endure</supplied> the devotion of the one named Valaiṅ!</p>
     <p n="7-11">Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 784, month of Māgha, waxing fortnight, third <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>tithi</foreign></supplied>: that is when the Lord of Valaiṅ, <foreign>pu</foreign> Kumbhayoni <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Pot-Born</supplied>,<note>Kumbhayoni and Kalaśaja (st. IV) are both alternative names of Agastya.</note> great-grandchild of the king of Halu, <foreign>pa-kəbi-an</foreign> of the one from Jaṅluran,<note>The meaning of the kinship term <foreign>pa-kəbi-an</foreign> (not discussed by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Fox1986_01"/></bibl>) is unknown. With pertinent reference to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Stutterheim1935_01"/><citedRange unit="page">56-60</citedRange></bibl>, who discussed the meaning of Old Javanese <foreign>kəbi</foreign> proving that it meant <q>grandmother</q>, Sarkar translated the present passage as <q>with his grand-mother</q>. But there is no word corresponding to <q>with</q> in the original and the derived form <foreign>pa-kəbi-an</foreign> is unlikely to mean the same as the base from which it is derived. On the analogy of kinship terms <foreign>paman</foreign> (uncle, derived from <foreign>ama</foreign> <q>father</q>) and <foreign>penan</foreign> (derived from <foreign>ina</foreign> <foreign>mother</foreign>), one might guess that <foreign>pa-kəbi-an</foreign> means <q>grandmother's younger sibling</q>.</note> gave a paddyfield at Vukiran — two <foreign>tampah</foreign>, the name of the endowed paddyfield was Tamvāhuraṅ<note>It is unclear whether we should interpret this toponym as Tamvā Huraṅ or Tamvāh Uraṅ, but given the spelling the former seems a bit more plausible.<!--  It could mean  --></note> — so that the God Vināya will enjoy food offerings <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>caru</foreign></supplied>.</p>
     <p n="11-16">Men of the official <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Kumbhayoni?</supplied> who gave the paddyfield on his behalf <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mehakan</foreign></supplied>: 
        <list rend="plain">
        <item>the <foreign>tuha kalaṅ</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">called</supplied> <foreign>pu</foreign> Nista</item>
        <item>the <foreign>gusti</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">called</supplied> <foreign>si</foreign> Uṅgah</item>
        <item>the commissionee <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vinəkas</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">called</supplied> <foreign>si</foreign> Manikṣa</item>
        <item>the two heralds <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>parujar</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">called</supplied> <foreign>si</foreign> Ara and <foreign>si</foreign> Maṅgah</item>
        <item>the home guardian <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tuṅgu kuvu</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">called</supplied> <foreign>si</foreign> Vəsi</item>
        <item>the <foreign>vahuta</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">called</supplied> <foreign>si</foreign> Mitra</item>
        <item>the <foreign>taṅuṇ-ḍahari</foreign><note>The reading and interpretation of this function remain uncertain. The element <foreign>taṅun</foreign> is secure and can be compared with occurrences of <foreign>saṅ taṅun</foreign> or <foreign>saṅ taṅunan</foreign> in some other inscriptions.</note> <supplied reason="subaudible">called</supplied> <foreign>si</foreign> Mitra</item>
     </list>
     The two <foreign>mapatih</foreign> lords<note>The text itself does not seem to make clear which two are meant.</note> were informed by the Vadihati, the Makudur and the Tiruan.</p>
     <!-- Panunggalan kāla haji rakai (5) vatu humalaṅ umadag· inajar· saṅ tuhān· i tiruan· i turun· ni anugrahha saṅ paməgat· i raja i ḍapunta i (6) panuṅgalan· -->
     <p n="16">Whoever brings this <foreign>sīma</foreign> to an end shall meet with disastrous consequences <supplied reason="subaudible">like those of</supplied> murdering a brahmin.</p>
     <p rend="stanza" n="4">After the foundation of the deity house called Bhadrāloka by the one called Kalaśaja <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Pot-Born, alias Kumbhayoni</supplied>, may his sons and grandsons now live in attainment of the desired state <supplied reason="explanation">of release</supplied>.</p>
     <p n="18-19">And another:</p>
     <p rend="stanza" n="5">Ho! May it always go well for the people and for kings and brahmins devoted to Śiva! May they follow the rule <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dharma</foreign></supplied> of scriptures, devotion and donation, not enmity, disease and jealousy!</p>
     <p rend="stanza" n="6">Tuṅgaṅ, Davət, Laṅka, Sərəh, Vulakan, Valā, Valaiṅ <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> Lo Dvāṅ:<note>See my comment on the same toponym in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKSindoro-PuBahut">Pu Bahut</ref> inscription</note> they are the villages of the wise Kumbhayoni.</p>
         </div>
         <div type="commentary">
            <p>L.-Ch. Damais (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Damais1952_01"/></bibl> and <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Damais1955_01"/></bibl>) commented at length on the reading and interpretation of the date and, based on the assumption that 784 Śaka was a year in which intercalation must have taken place, arrived at the CE equivalent 863-1-25. This conclusion was confirmed by J. C. Eade &amp; L. Gislén (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Eade+Gislen2000_01"/></bibl>).</p>
         </div>
        <div type="bibliography">
           <p>At the very dawn of Javanese epigraphy, this inscription was deciphered and furnished with word-for-word gloss by A. B. Cohen Stuart &amp; J. J. van Limburg-Brouwer (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:CohenStuart+LimburgBrouwer1872_01"/></bibl>) and the text alone was published again by Cohen Stuart (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:CohenStuart1875_01"/></bibl>); the reading and interpretation of the Sanskrit stanzas was improved significantly by H. Kern (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Kern1873_03"/></bibl>), who translated parts of the text into Dutch; the whole was read and translated into Dutch once again by Poerbatjaraka (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Poerbatjaraka1926_01"/></bibl>); all previous contributions were synthesized by H. Bh. Sarkar (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Sarkar1971-1972_01"/></bibl>), who furnished an English translation. After all the work by successive generations of predecessors, only very little remained to be improved in the edition, but some progress could still be made in the translation and interpretation of the text, the present digital edition of which was made based on the van Kinsbergen photo and a Leiden estampage.</p>
           <!-- 
Museum Nasional: D. 77.
van Kinsbergen 182
Text after Sarkar, Kern (and facsimile in Verspreide Geschriften VI, p. 280)
Stutterheim, Epigraphica IV, TBG 75 (1935), p. 459 n. 1.
           -->
           <listBibl type="primary">
            <bibl n="CS-LB"><ptr target="bib:CohenStuart+LimburgBrouwer1872_01"/><citedRange unit="page">94-101</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">I</citedRange></bibl>
            <bibl n="CS"><ptr target="bib:CohenStuart1875_01"/><citedRange unit="page">X, 33-34</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">XXIII</citedRange></bibl>
            <bibl n="P"><ptr target="bib:Poerbatjaraka1926_01"/><citedRange unit="page">45-51</citedRange></bibl>
        </listBibl>
       <listBibl type="secondary">
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:NBG07_1869"/><citedRange unit="appendix">N</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">CVII</citedRange></bibl>
        <!-- 
            NBG 24: 79 (VI a, 1)
            NBG 27: 149 (V c)
            NBG 28: 3 (II, i), 24 (II, k), 44 (VII, b, 1)
        
        -->
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Kern1873_03"/></bibl>
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Kinsbergen1872_01"/><citedRange unit="page">XX</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">182</citedRange></bibl>
        <!-- Verbeek 1891: 7, nos. 323 and 367-->
        <!-- Rouffaer 1909: LXXXIII (D. 77) -->
        <!-- Lijst van abklatschen OB 60 (no. 77)-->
        <!-- Krom gedateerde inscripties 1911: 243 -->
        <!-- Lijst der Foto's van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen bewaard op het OB. NBG. L, 1912, 3/4, CLXXXIV (no. 87O) -->
        <!-- Fotografische opnamen van J. van Kinsbergen, OV 1911, Bijl. D: 22 (nos. 182 & 182 bis). -->
        <!-- Inv. II ROC 1914 nos. 1189 and 1337 -->
        <!-- F. D. K. Bosch: De Stichtingsoorkonde van Tjandi Plaosan teruggevonden? OV. 1915, Bijl. N : 89.-->
        <!-- Kern VG VI : 277-286 -->
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Krom1919_02"/><citedRange unit="item">II</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">14-19</citedRange></bibl>
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1949_01"/><citedRange unit="page">21</citedRange></bibl>
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1952_01"/><citedRange unit="page">32-34</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">A.26</citedRange></bibl>
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1955_01"/><citedRange unit="page">205-206</citedRange></bibl>
        <!-- Susadjat 1958, no. 77.-->
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Damais1970_01"/><citedRange unit="page">47</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">61</citedRange></bibl>
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sarkar1971-1972_01"/><citedRange unit="page">171-177</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">XXV</citedRange></bibl>
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Casparis1975_01"/><citedRange unit="mixed">plate IIId with introductory note and partial transliteration on pages 89–90</citedRange></bibl>
        <!-- Nakada 1978: 127 (XVI)-->
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Nakada1982_01"/><citedRange unit="page">80-81</citedRange><citedRange unit="part">1</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">30</citedRange><!-- <note>Nakada refers to pages of Cohen Stuart's Kawi Oorkonden (concerning KO no. XVII), but I don't find anything there. Confusion with the title of Holle's publication? Or with another items from the Dieduksman collection?</note> --></bibl>
        <bibl><ptr target="bib:Eade+Gislen2000_01"/><citedRange unit="page">127</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">A26</citedRange></bibl>
        <!-- not included in Eade+Gislen2000_01? -->
       </listBibl>
        </div>
      </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
