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            <titleStmt>
                <title>N. 649. Buddha Statue from Gondang Lor (11th or 12th c. CE)</title>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp key="creator"/>              
                        <persName ref="part:argr">
                           <forename>Arlo</forename>
                           <surname>Griffiths</surname>
                        </persName>
                     </respStmt>
                  <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
                  <publicationStmt>
                     <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
                     <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
                     <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSIDENK00649.xml</idno>
                     <availability>
				<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</licence>
			</availability>
                <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc><!-- only the handDesc can be filled in at this stage -->
                <msDesc><!-- //// NB: the msIdentifier had to be added for validation purposes ///. It will be edited later with the metadata spreadsheet -->
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <repository>as per external metadata</repository>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                    	<summary>Commissioning of the statue of the Buddha by Maṇḍuṅkul, also called Śrī Dharmavaṅśakulavardhana, for his spiritual benefit.</summary>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <p>Lettering typical of the 11th/12th century.</p>
                        </handDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                </msDesc>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc>
         <p>Encoded in TEI/EpiDoc according to the <ref target="https://hal.science/halshs-02888186">DHARMA Encoding Guide for Documentary Editions, version 2</ref></p>
      </encodingDesc>
        <revisionDesc>
            <change who="part:argr" when="2026-09-15" status="draft">various modifications, including attribution of number 00649</change>
            <change who="part:argr" when="2024-10-18" status="draft">encoded the inscription</change>
         </revisionDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text xml:space="preserve">
      <body>
         <div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:38769 maturity:83213">
            <lg met="śārdūlavikrīḍita" n="1">
            <l n="a"><lb n="1"/><g ref="sym:doubleBar-crossed" type="punctuation">.</g> <g ref="sym:circle-lined" type="symbol">*</g> <g ref="sym:doubleBar-crossed" type="punctuation">.</g> śrīmad-dhīmad-amāna-dīdhitir adhiṣ<choice><orig>ṭ</orig><reg>ṭh</reg></choice>ātāva<supplied reason="lost">ga</supplied>c<choice><orig>c</orig><reg>ch</reg></choice>eta saḥ <g ref="sym:bullet-middle-hollow" type="symbol">*</g></l>
            <l n="b">bhūmnābhūri-vibhūtimantam anagham kurvan· kr̥pāyās sadā,</l>
            <l n="c">tr<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice>lokyodara-vartinam· hitasukhādhīnañ ca yo janminam·,</l>
            <l n="d">maṇḍ<unclear>u</unclear>ṁkul·-kathito namāmi satatan tam· sadguṇam· śrīghanam· <g ref="sym:doubleBar-crossed" type="punctuation">.</g> </l>
        </lg>
            <lg met="vasantatilakā" n="2">
	<l n="a">tāthāgatī pratikr̥<space type="defect"/>tiḥ paripūrṇa-gātrā,</l>
	<l n="b">yat kāritākuśali<choice><sic>m</sic><corr>n</corr></choice>ā<lb n="2" break="no"/>pi mayā mahīyaḥ,</l>
	<l n="c">tenājarāmaraṇa-j<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice>na<space type="descender"/>-pade bha<space type="descender"/>vāmi,</l>
	<l n="d">śrī-dharmavaṅśa-kula-varddhana-nāmadheyaḥ <g ref="sym:doubleBar-crossed" type="punctuation">.</g> <g ref="sym:circle-lined" type="symbol">*</g> <g ref="sym:doubleBar-crossed" type="punctuation">.</g> </l>
</lg>

         </div>
         <div type="apparatus">
               <listApp>
                  <app loc="1">
                     <lem>kr̥pāyās sadā</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Bosch1919-1921_02">kr̥pāyā <unclear>ya</unclear>dā</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="1">
                    <lem>hitasukhādhīnañ</lem>
                    <rdg source="bib:Bosch1919-1921_02">hitasukhādīnañ</rdg>
                 </app>
                  <app loc="1">
                    <lem>maṇḍ<unclear>u</unclear>ṁkul·-</lem>
                    <rdg source="bib:Bosch1919-1921_02">maṇḍaṁkul·-</rdg>
                 </app>
                 <app loc="1">
                    <lem>yat kāritākuśali<choice><sic>m</sic><corr>n</corr></choice>ā<lb n="2" break="no"/>pi</lem>
                    <rdg source="bib:Bosch1919-1921_02">yatkāritā kuśali māli</rdg>
                    <note>The reading <foreign>li</foreign> after <foreign>mā</foreign> seems possible on the estampages, but the stone only allows reading <foreign>pi</foreign>. I propose to emend the engraved text to <foreign>akuśalināpi</foreign>. The combination <foreign>akuśalinā api mayā</foreign> evokes such a famous literary phrase as <foreign>etasmān <hi rend="bold">māṁ kuśalinam</hi> abhijñānadānād viditvā mā kaulīnād asitanayane mayy aviśvāsinī bhūḥ</foreign> (Kālidāsa, <title>Meghadūta</title> 109).<!--
                        dānena cakravartiśrīḥ sā sudarśanajanmani /
                        bhuktā mayā mahīyasī bodhir nādhigatā tu sā // Kṣemendra, Avadānakalpalatā 17.29--></note>
                 </app>
                 <app loc="2">
                    <lem>-j<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice>na<space type="descender"/>-pade</lem>
                    <rdg source="bib:Bosch1919-1921_02">-jena pade</rdg>
                 </app>
                 <app loc="2">
                    <lem>-dharmavaṅśa-kula-</lem>
                    <rdg source="bib:Bosch1919-1921_02">-dharmavaṅśa-kr̥ta-</rdg>
                    <note>The reading is unclear on the estampages but absolutely clear from the stone and the orthophotos. The same reading with <foreign>-kula-</foreign> is also mentioned by Boechari (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Boechari1990_01"/></bibl> and 
                        <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Boechari2012_30"/></bibl>), without indication that it is a novelty.</note>
                 </app>
               </listApp>
         </div>
         <div type="translation" resp="part:argr">
 	<p rend="stanza" n="1">Out of compassion, may that Empowerer who is illustrious <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrīmat</foreign></supplied>, intelligent <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dhīmat</foreign></supplied> and whose splendor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dīdhiti</foreign></supplied> is immeasurable <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>amāna</foreign></supplied>, who never does any evil, assent to <supplied reason="subaudible">me</supplied> who am abundantly <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhūmnā</foreign></supplied> lacking in might <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>abhūri-vibhūtimantam</foreign></supplied>, who revolve in the bowels of the Triple World,<note>Cf. <title>Sādhanamālā</title>, ed. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Bhattacharya1925_01"/><citedRange unit="page">55</citedRange></bibl> (<title>Śrī-Khasarpaṇalokeśvarasādhana</title>): <foreign>saṁbuddhapratyekaśrāvakabuddhānāṁ tatsutānām api bodhisattvānāṁ sattvānām api <hi rend="bold">trailokyodaravarttināṁ</hi> yad eva kuśalaṁ tat sarvam anumodayāmīti | tadanu ratnatrayaśaraṇagamanam |</foreign>.</note> an incarnated being subservient to convenience and pleasure, called Maṇḍuṅkul <supplied reason="explanation"><q>Hornless</q> or <q>Spiteful</q>?</supplied>,<note>The form <foreign>maṇḍuṅkul</foreign> does not seem to be attested in Old Javanese, but in some varieties of Malay there is <foreign>mendongkol</foreign> which seems to mean <q>to feel spite</q>, from base <foreign>dongkol</foreign> which is also able to express the same meaning as <foreign>dungkul</foreign>, namely <q>hornless</q>. In the <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKRameswarapura.xml">Rameswarapura charter</ref> (1197 Śaka) we read the following sentence: <foreign>juru ri suka lagu kbo ḍuṅkul sinuṅan pirak, ku 2, vḍihan, 1</foreign> <q>The headman at Suka Lagu <supplied reason="subaudible">named</supplied> Kbo Ḍuṅkul <supplied reason="explanation">literally Hornless Buffalo</supplied> was given 2 <foreign>kupaṅ</foreign> of silver <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> 1 <foreign>vḍihan</foreign></q>. This suggests that the person who claims to be bowing here bore a personal name of the same type.</note> who perennially bow to that Śrīghana <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Buddha</supplied>, of excellent qualities!</p>
     <p rend="stanza" n="2">By virtue of the great <supplied reason="subaudible">merit</supplied> that <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> Buddha image, with limbs complete, has been commissioned by one as unmeritorious as me, I, <supplied reason="subaudible">also</supplied> having the epithet Śrī Dharmavaṅśakulavardhana <supplied reason="explanation"><q>Supporter of the illustrious family of Dharmavaṅśa</q>, <q>Family supporter of the illustrious lineage of the law</q></supplied>, am reborn in the state of a Jina, without old age and death.</p>
         </div>
<div type="translation" xml:lang="ind-Latn">
<p rend="stanza" n="1">Dari belas kasihan, semoga Sang Pemberi Kekuatan (<foreign>adhiṣṭhātr̥</foreign>) yang termasyhur (<foreign>śrīmat</foreign>),
cerdas (<foreign>dhīmat</foreign>) dan yang kemegahannya (<foreign>dīdhiti</foreign>) tak terukur (<foreign>amāna</foreign>), yang tidak pernah
melakukan kejahatan, merestui <supplied reason="subaudible">saya</supplied> yang banyak (<foreign>bhūmnā</foreign>) kekurangan kemampuan
(<foreign>abhūri-vibhūtimantam</foreign>), yang berputar di dalam perut Tiga Dunia, suatu makhluk (<foreign>janmin</foreign>) yang tergantung (<foreign>adhīna</foreign>) pada kenyamanan dan kesenangan, yang disebut Maṇḍuṅkul (artinya ‘mendongkol’ atau ‘dungkul’?), yang senantiasa tunduk pada Śrīghana (yakni, Sang Buddha) yang memiliki ciri-ciri yang unggul!</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="2">Meskipun saya kurang sehat (atau beramal), saya telah meminta orang untuk membuat arca Buddha <supplied reason="subaudible">ini</supplied>, dengan anggota tubuh yang sempurna. Berdasarkan <supplied reason="subaudible">amal</supplied> agung itu, saya yang bernama Śrī Dharmavaṅśakulavardhana (‘Pendukung keluarga Dharmavaṅśa’, atau ‘Pendukung keturunan keluarga dharma’), saya terlahir kembali di alam Jina, tanpa usia tua dan kematian.</p>
</div>
         <div type="commentary">
            <!--commentary encoded as per section §9.3 -->
         </div>
        <div type="bibliography">
           <p>First published, with translation into Dutch, by F. D. K. Bosch (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Bosch1919-1921_02"/></bibl>). A new edition by Arlo Griffiths was published, with translation into Indonesian, in <bibl><ptr target="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+al2025_01"/></bibl>, making use of available surrogates, notably the OD estampage (447, captured in photograph <ref target="http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:4101102">OD 3809</ref>), the EFEO estampage (n. 2247), and BRIN-EFEO <ref target="https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dccf5f0p">orthophotos</ref>. That edition is reproduced here, with addition of an English translation. For a full listing of photographs of the statue and of surrogates of the inscription, bibliographic references and other metadata, see <ref target="https://heurist.huma-num.fr/IDENK/INS-EN/00649">IDENK N. 649</ref>.</p>
        	<listBibl type="primary">
			<bibl n="B"><ptr target="bib:Bosch1919-1921_02"/></bibl>
			<bibl n="G"><ptr target="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+al2025_01"/><citedRange unit="page">147-150</citedRange><citedRange unit="section">2.6.7.9</citedRange></bibl>
			</listBibl>
           <listBibl type="secondary">
              <bibl><ptr target="bib:Knebel1910_03"/><citedRange unit="page">201-202</citedRange></bibl>
              <!--<bibl><ptr target="bib:OV1916"/><citedRange unit="page">47</citedRange></bibl>-->
              <!--<bibl><ptr target="bib:Stutterheim1929_02"/><citedRange unit="page">496-500</citedRange></bibl>-->
              <bibl><ptr target="bib:Boechari1990_01"/><citedRange unit="page">126</citedRange></bibl>
              <bibl><ptr target="bib:Boechari2012_30"/><citedRange unit="page">438</citedRange></bibl>
           </listBibl>
        </div>
      </body>
  </text>
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