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            <title>Āraṅg Plates of Jayarāja, Year 5</title>
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                  <forename>Natasja</forename>
                  <surname>Bosma</surname>
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               <resp key="creator">intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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                  <forename>Natasja</forename>
                  <surname>Bosma</surname>
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         <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
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            <pubPlace>Berlin</pubPlace>
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            <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
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         <div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn">   
             <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
                  <lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh">
                     <l n="ab">prasa<surplus>ṁ</surplus>nnah<unclear>r̥da</unclear>yasyaiva vikkramākrā<choice><orig><unclear>ṁ</unclear>tta</orig><reg>nta</reg></choice>vidviṣa<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>
                     <l n="cd">śrīmato jayarājasya śāsa<unclear>naṁ</unclear> ripuśāsanaṁ</l>
                 </lg></div>
             <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
                    <pb n="1r"/>
                    <p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/>svasti śarabhapurā<surplus>T</surplus>d vikkramopanatasāma<choice><orig>ṁtta</orig><reg>nta</reg></choice>cūḍāmaṇiprabhāprasekā<surplus>ṁ</surplus><lb n="1v2" break="no"/>mbubhir dh<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>au</corr></choice>tapādayugalo ripuvilāsinīsīma<choice><orig>ṁtto</orig><reg>nto</reg></choice>ddharaṇahetu<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>r vvasuva<space type="binding-hole"/>sudhāgoprada<surplus>ḥ</surplus>ḫ paramabhāgavato mātāpitr̥pā<lb n="1v4" break="no"/>dānuddhyātaḥ <surplus>ś</surplus>śrīmahājayarājaḥ pūrvvarāṣṭrīyapamvā<supplied reason="omitted">yā</supplied>ṁ prati<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>vāsikuṭu<surplus>ṁ</surplus>mbina<surplus>ḥ</surplus>s samājñāpayati<g ref="sym:dash" type="punctuation">.</g></p> <p>viditam astu vo yathā<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>smābhir ayaṁ grāma<surplus><g ref="sym:dash" type="punctuation">.</g></surplus>s tridaśapatisadanasukhapratiṣṭhākaro yāva<lb n="2r2" break="no"/>d raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorā<choice><orig>ddha</orig><reg>ndha</reg></choice>kāraṁ jaga<supplied reason="omitted">d a</supplied>vatiṣṭhate <lb n="2r3"/>tāvad upa<space type="binding-hole"/>bhogyas sa<choice><orig>na</orig><reg>ni</reg></choice>dhis sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭaprāveśyas sa<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>rvvakaravisarjjitaẖ vā<choice><orig>ji</orig><reg>ja</reg></choice>saneyakauṇḍinyasagotra<surplus>ḥ</surplus>brahmadeva<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>svāmine<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g> mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhiv<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>r̥</reg></choice><supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhaye<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g> Udakapūrvva<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> <pb n="2v"/><lb n="2v1"/>tā<choice><orig>mbra</orig><reg>mra</reg></choice>śāsanenāti<choice><sic>sra</sic><corr>sr̥</corr></choice>ṣṭaḥ</p> <p>te yūyam evam upalabhyāsyāj<choice><orig>ṇ</orig><reg>ñ</reg></choice>āśravaṇa<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>v<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>dheyā bhūtvā yathocitaṁ bhogabhāgam upanaya<choice><orig>ṁtta</orig><reg>nta</reg></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sukhaṁ prativa<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>sya<lb n="2v3" break="no"/>tha<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g> bhaviṣya<space type="binding-hole"/>taś ca bhūmipān anudarśayati<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g></p>
                                   <lg n="1" met="vasantatilakā">
                                        <l n="a">dānād viśiṣṭam a<lb n="2v4" break="no"/>nupālanajaṁ purāṇā<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
                                        <l n="b">dharmmeṣu niścitadhiyaḫ pravada<surplus>ṁ</surplus>nti dharmmaṁ<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
                                        <l n="c"><lb n="2v5"/>tasmā<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied> dvijāya suviśuddhakulaśrutāya<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
                                        <l n="d">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhuvaṁ bhavatu vo ma<supplied reason="omitted">ti</supplied>r e<pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1" break="no"/>va gopt<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>u</reg></choice>ṁ<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g></l></lg>
                                 <p>tad bhavadbhir apy eṣā dattir anupālayitavyā<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g> vyāsagītāṁś cātra<lb n="3r2"/>ślokān udāhara<choice><orig>ṁtti</orig><reg>nti</reg></choice><g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g></p>
                                   <lg n="2" met="indravajrā">
                                        <l n="a">Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l>
                                        <l n="b">bhūr vvaiṣṇavī sū<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>ryyasut<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ś ca <space type="binding-hole"/>gāvaḥ</l>
                                        <l n="c">dattās trayas tena bhava<choice><orig>ṁtti</orig><reg>nti</reg></choice> lokā<surplus>ḥ</surplus></l>
                                        <l n="d">yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gā<supplied reason="omitted">ñ</supplied> <lb n="3r4"/>ca mahī<supplied reason="omitted">ñ</supplied> ca dadyā<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied><g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g></l></lg>
                                    <lg n="3" met="anuṣṭubh">
                                        <l n="ab">ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣasahasrāṇi svargge vasati bhūmidaḥ</l>
                                        <l n="cd"><lb n="3r5"/>Ācchettā cānuma<choice><orig><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ttā</orig><reg>ntā</reg></choice> ca tāny eva narake vase<supplied reason="omitted">T</supplied><g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g></l></lg>
                                    <lg n="4" met="anuṣṭubh"> 
                                        <l n="ab">svadattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> paradattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> vā ya<pb n="3v" break="no"/><lb n="3v1" break="no"/>tnā<supplied reason="omitted">d ra</supplied>kṣa yudhiṣṭhira<g ref="sym:dash-double" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
                                        <l n="cd">mahī<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice> mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>matāṁ <choice><orig>cchr</orig><reg>śr</reg></choice>eṣṭha dānāc chreyo 'nupālana<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><g ref="sym:dash" type="punctuation">.</g></l></lg>
                                    <lg n="5" met="anuṣṭubh">
                                        <l n="ab"><lb n="3v2"/>bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhis sagarādibhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><g ref="sym:dash" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
                                        <l n="cd">yasya <supplied reason="omitted">yasya</supplied> yadā bhūmis ta<lb n="3v3" break="no"/>sya tasya <space type="binding-hole"/>tadā phala<surplus>ṁ</surplus><choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></l></lg>
                                <ab><choice><orig>i</orig><reg>I</reg></choice>ti</ab>
                                <p>svamukhā<supplied reason="lost">jña</supplied>yā U<choice><orig>kt</orig><reg>tk</reg></choice>īrṇṇaṁ Aca<surplus><g ref="sym:dash" type="punctuation">.</g></surplus><lb n="3v4" break="no"/>lasiṅghena pravarddhamānavijaya<choice><orig>saṁvva</orig><reg>saṁva</reg></choice>tsara <num value="5">5</num> mārgaśira <num value="25">20 5</num></p>
             </div></div>    
         <div type="apparatus">
             <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head></div>
             <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
             <listApp>
                  <app loc="2r2">
                      <lem>°ā<choice><orig>ddha</orig><reg>ndha</reg></choice>kāraṁ</lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">°āndhakāraṁ</rdg>
                      <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°ā<choice><orig>ddha</orig><reg>ndha</reg></choice>kāraṁ</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="2r3">
                      <lem>sa<choice><orig>na</orig><reg>ni</reg></choice>dhis</lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">sanidhis</rdg>
                      <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">sa<choice><orig>na</orig><reg>ni</reg></choice>dhis</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="2r5">
                      <lem>puṇyābhiv<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>r̥</reg></choice><supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhaye</lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">puṇy<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>bhivr̥<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhaye</rdg>
                      <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">puṇy<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>bhiv<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>r̥</reg></choice><supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>dhaye</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="2v1">
                      <lem>°āti<choice><sic>sra</sic><corr>sr̥</corr></choice>ṣṭaḥ</lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">°āti<choice><sic>sra</sic><corr>sr̥</corr></choice>ṣṭaḥ</rdg>
                      <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°ātisr̥ṣṭaḥ</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="2v1">  
                      <lem>°āj<choice><orig>ṇ</orig><reg>ñ</reg></choice>ā°</lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">°ājñā°</rdg>
                      <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">°āj<choice><orig>ṇ</orig><reg>ñ</reg></choice>ā°</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="2v2">
                      <lem>v<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>dheyā</lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">v<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>dheyā</rdg>
                      <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">vidheyā</rdg>
                  </app>
                   <app loc="2v4">
                      <lem>purāṇā</lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">purāṇ<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice></rdg>
                      <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">purāṇā</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="3r1">
                      <lem>gopt<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>u</reg></choice>ṁ</lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">gopt<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>u</reg></choice>ṁ</rdg>
                      <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">goptu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied></rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="3v3">
                      <lem>phala<surplus>ṁ</surplus><choice><orig>m</orig><reg>M</reg></choice></lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Fleet1970_04">phala<surplus>ṁ</surplus>m</rdg>
                      <rdg source="bib:Shastri1995_02">phalam</rdg>
                  </app>
             </listApp>    
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         </div>
         <div type="translation" resp="part:nabo">
             <div type="textpart" n="A"><head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
                    <p>The enemy-chastising charter belongs to the illustrious Jayarāja, who was the heart of Prasanna and whose enemies were overcome by his valour.</p></div>
             <div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
                    <p n="1v1-1v5">Hail! From Śarabhapura, the illustrious great Jayarāja whose feet are washed by the sprinkling water that is the brilliance of the crest-jewels of his feudatories who have been brought into submission by his prowess; who made the women of his enemies tear out their parted hair; who is a giver of riches, land, and cattle; who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu; and favoured by his father and mother, issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to the landholders settled in <supplied reason="subaudible">the village of</supplied> Pamvā situated in the Pūrva<foreign>rāṣṭra</foreign>:</p>
                    <p n="1v5-2v1">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to Brahmadevasvāmin, belonging to the Kauṇḍinya <foreign>gotra</foreign> and to the Vājasaneya <supplied reason="subaudible">school</supplied>. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village</supplied>, which leads to happiness and fame in the abode of the lord of the gods <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Indra’s heaven</supplied>, is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, <supplied reason="subaudible">the world</supplied> of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; <supplied reason="subaudible">comes along with the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; and is exempt from all taxes.</p> 
                    <p n="2v1-2v3">Having taken note of that, you should be obedient to the command received from him <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., the donee</supplied> and render the <supplied reason="subaudible">proper shares of</supplied> periodical offerings and produce, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> instructs the future rulers:</p>
                    <p n="2v3-3r1" rend="stanza">The ancients, reflecting on virtue, proclaim that the religious merit arising from the protection <supplied reason="subaudible">of a grant</supplied> is more excellent than <supplied reason="subaudible">that which arises</supplied> from the giving <supplied reason="subaudible">itself</supplied>; therefore, your intent should indeed be to protect the earth that has been granted to a Brahmin of perfectly pure family and religious learning.</p>
                    <p n="3r1-3r2">This gift is to be protected by you as well! And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>
                    <p n="3r2-3r4" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds.</p>
                    <p n="3r4-3r5" rend="stanza">A giver of land dwells in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>
                    <p n="3r5-3v1" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>
                    <p n="3v2-3v3" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>
                    <p n="3v3-3v4">By the order from the king’s own mouth, <supplied reason="subaudible">the copperplate charter</supplied> has been engraved by Acalasiṅgha <supplied reason="subaudible">on the day</supplied> 25 <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the month of Mārgaśiras <supplied reason="subaudible">in</supplied> the increasingly victorious year 5 <supplied reason="subaudible">of Jayarāja's reign</supplied>.</p></div></div>
         <div type="commentary">
         </div>
        <div type="bibliography">
        	    <p>First edited by Fleet <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Fleet1970_04"/></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Shastri <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/><citedRange>20-23</citedRange></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates (edition of the seal based on Fleet).</p>	   
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                  <ptr target="bib:Fleet1970_04"/>
              </bibl>
               <bibl n="AMS">
                  <ptr target="bib:Shastri1995_02"/>
                  <citedRange>20-23</citedRange>
              </bibl>
           </listBibl>
           <listBibl type="secondary">
               <bibl>
                   <ptr target="bib:Bosma2018_01"/>
                  <citedRange>15, 19, 233</citedRange>
              </bibl>
        </listBibl>
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