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            <titleStmt>
                <title>K. 1330. Gò Xoài gold foil, 7th-8th century CE</title>        
                <respStmt>
                    <resp key="creator">author of digital edition</resp>
                	<persName ref="part:argr">
                		<forename>Arlo</forename>
                		<surname>Griffiths</surname>
                	</persName>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                	<resp key="creator">intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
                	<persName ref="part:gege">
                		<forename>Gerdi</forename>
                		<surname>Gerschheimer</surname>
                	</persName>
                	<persName ref="part:argr">
                		<forename>Arlo</forename>
                		<surname>Griffiths</surname>
                	</persName>
                </respStmt>
            <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
                <pubPlace>Lyon</pubPlace>
                <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSCIK01330.xml</idno>
                <availability><licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</licence></availability>
                <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc><!-- only the handDesc can be filled in at this stage -->
                <msDesc><!-- //// NB: the msIdentifier had to be added for validation purposes ///. It will be edited later with the metadata spreadsheet -->
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <repository>as per external metadata</repository>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents><!-- describe the intellectual content of an inscription -->
                        <summary><!-- //// NOT MANDATORY  ////--></summary> <!-- offers the possibility to give a summary of the inscription's content -->
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <p>The <foreign>visarga</foreign> takes the shape of three vertically arranged dots.
			The short <foreign>-i</foreign> marker takes the shape of a superscribed circle with a crescent inside; the long <foreign>-ī</foreign> marker has an appendix down the left hand side of the <foreign>akṣara</foreign> (except in line 5 <foreign>kīrtti</foreign>).
		</p>
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        <encodingDesc>
         <p>Encoded in TEI/EpiDoc according to the <ref target="https://hal.science/halshs-02888186">DHARMA Encoding Guide for Documentary Editions, version 2</ref></p>
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        <revisionDesc>
        	<change who="part:argr" when="2021-10-07" status="draft">changed @type="ddandaTripleDot" to @type="ddandaDotTriple"</change>
        	<change who="part:argr" when="2021-03-20" status="draft">finished initial encoding of the inscription</change>
        	<change who="part:argr" when="2021-03-16" status="draft">started initial encoding of the inscription</change>
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<lg n="1" met="āryā">
<l n="ab" real="+++++--+++++-+-+---"><milestone unit="zone" n="1"/><lb n="1"/>ye dharmmā hetu-ppabhavā <space/> tesaṁ hetuṁ ta<milestone unit="zone" n="2"/>thāgato Avaca <space/></l>
<l n="cd">tesañ ca yo ni<milestone unit="zone" n="3"/>rodho <space/> Evaṁ-vādī mahā-saman<milestone unit="zone" n="4"/>o <g ref="sym:flourish-taperOut" type="symbol">*</g></l>
</lg>
<lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a"><milestone unit="zone" n="1"/><lb n="2"/>duḥkhaṁ duḥkha-samutpādo <space/></l> 
<l n="b">duḥkha<milestone unit="zone" n="2"/>ssa ca At<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>-kkamo <space/></l>
<l n="c">Airo <milestone unit="zone" n="3"/>Aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo <space/></l> 
<l n="d">duḥkhopaśama<milestone unit="zone" n="4"/>-gāmiko <g ref="sym:flourish-taperOut" type="symbol">*</g></l>
</lg>
<p><milestone unit="zone" n="1"/><lb n="3"/>tadyathā<g ref="sym:ddandaDotTriple" type="punctuation">.</g><!--CHECK SYMBOL encoding and content, replace with three separate <g> elements for doubleBar, bullet-triple, doubleBar--> daṇḍake<g ref="sym:ddandaDotTriple" type="punctuation">.</g><!--CHECK SYMBOL encoding and content, replace with three separate <g> elements for doubleBar, bullet-triple, doubleBar--> paṇḍake <milestone unit="zone" n="2"/> <g ref="sym:ddandaDotTriple" type="punctuation">.</g><!--CHECK SYMBOL encoding and content, replace with three separate <g> elements for doubleBar, bullet-triple, doubleBar--> kauraṇḍe<g ref="sym:ddandaDotTriple" type="punctuation">.</g><!--CHECK SYMBOL encoding and content, replace with three separate <g> elements for doubleBar, bullet-triple, doubleBar--> keyūre<g ref="sym:ddandaDotTriple" type="punctuation">.</g><!--CHECK SYMBOL encoding and content, replace with three separate <g> elements for doubleBar, bullet-triple, doubleBar--> <milestone unit="zone" n="3"/> dantīle<g ref="sym:ddandaDotTriple" type="punctuation">.</g><!--CHECK SYMBOL encoding and content, replace with three separate <g> elements for doubleBar, bullet-triple, doubleBar--> dantrīle<g ref="sym:ddandaDotTriple" type="punctuation">.</g><!--CHECK SYMBOL encoding and content, replace with three separate <g> elements for doubleBar, bullet-triple, doubleBar--> svāhāḥ <g ref="sym:flourish-taperOut" type="symbol">*</g> <milestone unit="zone" n="4"/> <g ref="sym:flourish-taperOut" type="symbol">*</g></p>
<p><milestone unit="zone" n="1"/><lb n="4"/>tadyathā A<choice><unclear>v</unclear><unclear>dh</unclear></choice>ame Amvare A<milestone unit="zone" n="2"/>mvare <space/> pariku<space type="descender"/>ñja nāṭa <milestone unit="zone" n="3"/>nā<space type="descender"/>ṭa pu<space type="descender"/>ṣkarā<choice><unclear>v</unclear><unclear>dh</unclear></choice>aha ja<milestone unit="zone" n="4"/>lū khama khaya Ili mi<milestone unit="zone" n="1" break="no"/><lb n="5" break="no"/>li ki<space type="descender"/>li <milestone unit="zone" n="2"/>mili kīrtti cara mu<milestone unit="zone" n="3"/>dre mudra-mu<space type="descender"/>khe svāhāḥ <milestone unit="zone" n="4"/><g ref="sym:flourish-taperOut" type="symbol">*</g></p>
         </div>
         <div type="apparatus">
               <listApp>
	<app loc="1">
                     <lem>dharmmā</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">dhammā</rdg>
	<note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Skilling1999_01"/><citedRange unit="page">172</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">5</citedRange></bibl> noted: <q>Ha Van Tan reads <foreign>dharmmā</foreign>. I cnnnot see the <sic><foreign>ra</foreign></sic> in the plate, which is not entirely clear. The reading can only be resolved with a better reproduction. (Note that Ha Van Tan's transcript uses only one diacritic, <foreign>a = ā</foreign>).</q> The photographs that have since become available remove all doubt about the presence of <foreign>r</foreign>.</note>
                  </app>
<app loc="1">
<lem source="bib:Skilling1999_01">hetu-ppabhavā</lem>
<rdg source="bib:HaVanTan1995_01">hetu-pabhavā</rdg>
<note>The reading <foreign>ppa</foreign> is beyond doubt.</note>
</app>
<app loc="1">
<lem><g ref="sym:flourish-taperOut" type="symbol">*</g></lem>
<note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Skilling1999_01"/></bibl> throughout notes this symbol sign as double <foreign>daṇḍa</foreign>.</note>
</app>
<!--
c. evaṁvādi : evaṁvādī  Skilling 1999. – Rien ne permet de penser qu’il faut lire ī la voyelle antéposée à la consonne. Cf. du reste, infra l. 3, les i de dantile et de dantrile.
	AG: I rather agree with PS
d. -samano: possibility of reading -samaṇo? -->
<app loc="2">
                     <lem>At<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>-kkamo</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">Atī-kkamo</rdg>
	<note>The vowel marker on the <foreign>t</foreign> is the same as in <foreign>Evaṁvādī</foreign> in line 1, and so definitely intended as <foreign>ī</foreign>. The syllable is long by position and this seems to have induced the scribe to spell <foreign>ī</foreign> instead of expected <foreign>i</foreign>.</note>
                  </app>
<app loc="3">
                     <lem><g ref="sym:ddandaDotTriple" type="punctuation">.</g><!--CHECK SYMBOL encoding and content, replace with three separate <g> elements for doubleBar, bullet-triple, doubleBar--></lem>
                     <note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Skilling1999_01"/></bibl> throughout notes this <q>punctuation</q> sign as double <foreign>daṇḍa</foreign>.</note>
                  </app>
	<app loc="3">
	<lem source="bib:Skilling1999_01">daṇḍake, paṇḍake, kauraṇḍe</lem>
	<note>The script is ambiguous on the cluster <foreign>ṇḍ</foreign>, which could in each instance also be read <foreign>ṇd</foreign>.</note>
	</app>
	<app loc="3">
                     <lem>keyūre</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">keyyūre</rdg>
                  </app>
	<app loc="3">
                <lem>dantīle<g ref="sym:ddandaDotTriple" type="punctuation">.</g><!--CHECK SYMBOL encoding and content, replace with three separate <g> elements for doubleBar, bullet-triple, doubleBar--> dantrīle</lem>
                <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">dantile<g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g> dantile</rdg>
	<note>Skilling ignores the fact that the second word is differentiated from the first by presence of <foreign>r</foreign>.</note>
                  </app>
<app loc="3">
                     <lem>svāhāḥ <g ref="sym:flourish-taperOut" type="symbol">*</g> <milestone unit="zone" n="4"/> <g ref="sym:flourish-taperOut" type="symbol">*</g></lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">svāhāḥ <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></rdg>
                  </app>
 <app loc="4">
                     <lem>A<choice><unclear>v</unclear><unclear>dh</unclear></choice>ame</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">Adhame</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="4">
                     <lem>pu<space type="descender"/>ṣkarā<choice><unclear>v</unclear><unclear>dh</unclear></choice>aha</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">puṣkarādhahā</rdg>
                  </app>
	<app loc="4">
                     <lem>jalū</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">jala</rdg>
                  </app>
	<app loc="4">
                     <lem>jalū</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">jala</rdg>
                  </app>
	<app loc="4">
                     <lem>Ili mi<milestone unit="zone" n="1" break="no"/><lb n="5" break="no"/>li</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Skilling1999_01">Ilīmī<lb n="5" break="no"/>li</rdg>
                  </app>
               </listApp>
         </div>
         <div type="translation" resp="part:argr">
	<p rend="stanza" n="1">The states arisen from a cause, their cause the Tathāgata proclaims, as well as their cessation: this is the teaching of the Great Ascetic.</p>
 	<p rend="stanza" n="2">Suffering, the arising of suffering, and the transcendence of suffering, and the noble eightfold path, leading to the cessation of suffering that is emancipation <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>khemopaśama</foreign></supplied></p>
	<p n="3-5">As follows: <foreign>a(v/dh)ame amvare amvare  parikuñja nāṭa nāṭa puṣkarā(v/dh)aha jalū khama khaya ili mili kili mili kīrtti cara mudre mudra-mukhe svāhāḥ</foreign>.</p>
         </div>
         <div type="commentary">
	<p>The translations for stanzas I and II are taken here from the ones offered by other scholars for <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00820.xml">K. 820</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01455.xml">K. 1455</ref>.</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="1">On the metrical deviance of the first four <foreign>gaṇa</foreign>s, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hinueber2015_01"/><citedRange>4</citedRange></bibl>.</p>
         </div>
        <div type="bibliography">
           <p>Provisionally edited by Hà Văn Tấn <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:HaVanTan1995_01"/></bibl> being edited and translated by Peter Skilling more professionally (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Skilling1999_01"/></bibl>); re-edited here by Gerdi Gerschheimer &amp; Arlo Griffiths from color photographs.</p>
       <!-- Bibliography provided by P-Y Manguin:
       Hà Văn Tấn, 1994. Từ minh văm trên lá vàng ở Gò Xoai (Long An) bàn thêm về Pháp thân kệ [Further discussion on the Ye Dhama Sutra with the inscription from Go Xoai (Long An)], in New Discoveries in Archaeology of 1993, Ha Nôi, p. 318.

Hà Văn Tấn, 1995, “Từ minh văn trên lá vàng ở Gò Xoai (Long An)”, in Lê Xuân Diệm, Ðào Linh Côn and Võ Sĩ Khãi, 1995, Văn hoá Óc Eo: những khám phá mới. Hà Nội, Nhà xuất bản khoa học xã hội, pp. 439-441.

Hà Văn Tấn, 1998. “Ghi chú thêm về minh văn ở Gò Xoài (Long An)” [Further notes on the Go Xoai imcription (Long An)]”, in Những phát hiện mới về khảo cồ học năm 1997, Hanoi, Social Sciences Publishing House, pp. 694-696.

Hà Văn Tấn, 2001. “Ghi chú thêm về minh văn ở Gò Xoài (Long An)” [Further notes on the Go Xoai imcription (Long An)]), in Khảo cổ học Long An những thế kỉ đầu Công Nguyên, pp. 212-214. [PYM]

Lê Thị Liên, 2005, "Gold Plaques and their Cultural Contexts in the Oc Eo Culture", Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 25, pp. 145-154.  [PDF]

Lê Thị Liên, 2006, Nghệ thuật Phật giáo và Hindu giáo ở Đồng bằng Cửu Long trứớc thế kỷ X [Buddhist and Hindu Art in the Mekong Delta until the Xth century]. Hà Nội, Nhà xuất bản Thế Giới.   [PYM]
[repro de l’inscription p. 141, rien dans le texte]

Lê Xuân Diệm, Ðào Linh Côn and Võ Sĩ Khãi, 1995, Văn hoá Óc Eo: những khám phá mới. Hà Nội, Nhà xuất bản khoa học xã hội, pp. 186-189.   [PYM]
[pp. 186-189: notes sur le seul site de Gò Xoài ; Appendice, pp. 439-441 = Ha Van Tan 1995]

Ramesh, K. V. 1991: Transcription and translation of the Go Xoai inscription (line
1st and 2nd), document of Long An Museum.

Skilling, Peter, 1999 [2542], "A Buddhist inscription from Go Xoai, southern Vietnam and notes towards a classification of 'ye dharmâ' inscriptions", in  80 pi sasatrachan dr. prasert na nagara: ruam botkhwam vichakan dan charük lae ekasan boran [80 Years: A collection of articles on epigraphy and ancient documents published on the occasion of the celebration of the 80th birthday of Prof. Dr. Prasert Na Nagara]. Bangkok, p. 171-187. [PDF + TaP]
	
Skilling, Peter, 2002, "Some Citation Inscriptions from South-East Asia", Journal of the Pali Text Society, 27, p. 159-175.  [PDF]
	
Skilling, Peter, 2003-04, "Traces of the Dharma: Preliminary reports on some ye dhammā and ye dharmmā inscriptions from Mainland Southeast Asia", Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient, 90-91, p. 273-288.

Thái Văn Chải, 1996. Minh văn vàng Đức Hoà Long An [Gold Inscription of Đức Hoà, Long An]. Tư liệu Bảo tàng Long An.

Nancy Tingley (éd.), 2009. Arts of Ancient Viet Nam: From River Plain to Open Sea, Houston, New Haven: Asia Society, The Museum of Fine Arts, Yale University Press. 
[p. 166 : notice de l’inscription (fondée essentiellement sur Skilling 1999) ; p. 167: cliché de l’inscription].

Trinh Thi Hoa, 1996, « Réflexions sur les vestiges de la culture d'Oc Eo », Etudes vietnamiennes, 50(120), p. 111-123. / = « The vestiges of Oc Eo culture—some reflections », Vietnamese Studies 50(120), p. 121-134 

Vo Si Khai, 1988, Recent archaeological discoveries in the Long-an Province: the Oc-eo Culture; the Funan king's edict on the withdrawal of his army (550 AD). Long An, The Service of Culture and Information, Province of Long An. [Tapuscrit, PDF]
	[Traduction fantaisiste de Thái Văn Chải]
Vo Si Khai, 2003, “The Kingdom of Fu Nan and the Culture of Oc Eo”, in James C. M. Khoo (éd.), Art & Archaeology of Fu Nan, Pre-Khmer Kingdom of the Lower Mekong Valley, Bangkok, Orchid Press.
[repro de l’inscription p. 41, rien dans le texte]

       -->
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	<bibl n="S"><ptr target="bib:Skilling1999_01"/><citedRange unit="page">171-178</citedRange></bibl>
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	<bibl><ptr target="bib:HaVanTan1998_01"/></bibl>
	<bibl><ptr target="bib:LeThiLien2007_01"/><citedRange unit="page">148</citedRange><citedRange unit="figure">2</citedRange></bibl>
              <bibl><ptr target="bib:Tingley2009_01"/><citedRange unit="page">166-167</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">49</citedRange></bibl>
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