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            <title>K. 13. Stela at Phnom Bayang, 624-625 Śaka</title>
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               <resp key="creator">author of digital edition</resp>
               <persName ref="part:kuch">
                  <forename>Kunthea</forename>
                  <surname>Chhom</surname>
               </persName>
            </respStmt>
            <respStmt>
               <resp key="creator">intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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                  <forename>Auguste</forename>
                  <surname>Barth</surname>
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-->               <persName ref="part:gege">
                  <forename>Gerdi</forename>
                  <surname>Gerschheimer</surname>
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               <persName ref="part:kuch">
                  <forename>Kunthea</forename>
                  <surname>Chhom</surname>
               </persName>
            </respStmt>
         <funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
         <publicationStmt>
            <authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
            <pubPlace>Siem Reap</pubPlace>
            <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSCIK00013.xml</idno>
            <availability><licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</licence></availability>
            <date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
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               <physDesc>
                  <handDesc>
                     <p>The lettering is characteristic of the seventh century CE. The <foreign>akṣara</foreign>s have long ornamental descenders.
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      <revisionDesc>
         <change who="part:kuch" when="2025-04-10" status="draft">Adding English translation of Kamaleswar Bhattacharya</change>
         <change who="part:kuch" when="2023-11-29" status="draft">Adding modification to the paleographical remark</change>
         <change who="part:kuch" when="2023-07-10" status="draft">Adding modification to apparatus and commentary</change>
         <change who="part:kuch" when="2023-03-21" status="draft">Modification to edition and adding a commentary</change>
         <change who="part:kuch" when="2023-03-13" status="draft">Modifications to edition</change>
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                <div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:83231 maturity:83211">
<lg n="1" met="vaṁśastha">
<l n="a"><lb n="1"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>viśuddha-tarkkā<unclear>g</unclear>ama-yukti-niścayā<milestone unit="column" n="b" break="no"/><unclear>n</unclear></l>
<l n="b">n<unclear>i</unclear>rū<unclear>p</unclear>ya <seg met="++--+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg> <unclear>p</unclear>ratiṣṭhitam·</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>yam āntarañ jyotir upāsate budhā</l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/>niruttaraṁ vrahma parañ jigīṣavaḥ</l>
</lg>
<lg n="2" met="vaṁśastha">
<l n="a"><lb n="2"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>tapaś-śrutejyā-vidhayo yad-arppaṇā</l>
<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>bhavanty an<unclear>ird</unclear>d<unclear>eś</unclear>ya-phalānuvandhinaḥ</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>na kevalan tad-phala-yoga-saṅ<unclear>g</unclear>inā<milestone unit="column" n="d" break="no"/>m</l>
<l n="d">asaṅgināṁ karmma-phala-tyajām api</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="3" met="vaṁśastha">
<l n="a"><lb n="3"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>nisargga-siddhair aṇimādibhir guṇai<milestone unit="column" n="b" break="no"/>r</l>
<l n="b">upetam aṅgīkr̥ta-śakti-vistaraiḥ</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>dhiyām atītam vacas<seg met="+-+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/><unclear>Anā</unclear>spadaṁ yasya padam vidur budhāḥ</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="4" met="vaṁśastha">
<l n="a"><lb n="4"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>vibhutva-yogād iha labdha-sannidhe<milestone unit="column" n="b" break="no"/><unclear>ś</unclear></l>
<l n="b"><unclear>śr</unclear>iyāḫ padan tasya vibhor idam padam·</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>vikī<unclear>r</unclear>ṇṇa-<unclear>d</unclear>r̥śyāṅgu<unclear>li</unclear>-<seg met="+-+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/><seg met="-+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg>ṇḍābjam ivopalārppitam·</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="5" met="vaṁśastha">
<l n="a"><lb n="5"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>Ayañ ca mūrddhnā sphuṭa-ratna-mālinā</l>
<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>padan dadhāno giriśasya bhūdharaḥ</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>Upaiti loke bahu<seg met="+-+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/><seg met="-+-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg> <seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg>ā mānyatame hi sannatiḥ</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="6" met="vaṁśastha">
<l n="a"><lb n="6"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>divokasāṁ mauli-vilupta-reṇunā</l>
<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>padāravinde<unclear>na</unclear> yathā jagatpateḥ</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>bibhartti mānonnati <seg met="+-+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/><seg met="-+-++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg>ś śikharai<unclear>r aya</unclear>n nagaḥ</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="7" met="upajāti">
<l n="a"><lb n="7"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>dvijātisūnur dvija-sattamasya</l>
<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>dhruvasya naptā dhruva-puṇya-kīrtteḥ</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>ya<unclear>ḫ</unclear> prāg-abhijñāta-ku<seg met="+-++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/><seg met="=+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg>yas svakulaṁ vyanakti</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="8" met="upajāti">
<l n="a"><lb n="8"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>vidyādi-vindvanta-gr̥hīta-nāmnā</l>
<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>tenaikatānena śubha-kriyāsu</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>śambhoḫ padasyedam ak<seg met="+-++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/><seg met="=+-++-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg> <seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg> ivānya<unclear>d a</unclear>dreḥ</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="9" met="upajāti">
<l n="a"><lb n="9"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>tenāpi tīrtthodaka-pāvitāyā<milestone unit="column" n="b" break="no"/>m</l>
<l n="b">adhityakāyām iha bhūdharasya</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>snānārt<unclear>th</unclear>am īśasya kr̥tam mahī<seg met="+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/><seg met="=+-++-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg> Ivātma-kīrtteḥ</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="10" met="aparavaktra">
<l n="a"><lb n="10"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>paśupati-pada-bhāg anuttaraṁ</l>
<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>padam adhigacchatu sānvayo janaḥ</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>ciram avatu hitāya dehinā<milestone unit="column" n="d" break="no"/>m</l>
<l n="d">ayam api bhūmidharo bhuvas sthitim·</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="11" met="mālabhāriṇī">
<l n="a"><lb n="11"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>rasa-dasra-śaraiś śakendra-varṣe</l>
<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>padam aiśam vinivaddham iṣṭakābhiḥ</l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>R̥tu-vāri-nidhīndriyaiś ca tīrthe</l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/><unclear>sa</unclear>lila-sthānam akāri tena bhūyaḥ</l>
</lg>
                   <lg n="12" met="anuṣṭubh">
<l n="a" met="ma-vipulā" real="++-++++-"><lb n="12"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/><unclear><g ref="sym:spiral-left" type="punctuation">.</g></unclear> Ārāma-dās<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>-dāsāś ca</l>
<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>paśavaẖ kṣetram uttamam· <g ref="sym:spiral-left" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>yathāsti svadhanan dattaṁ</l>
<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/>śivapādāya yajvanā <g ref="sym:spiral-left" type="punctuation">.</g></l>
</lg>
                </div>
<div type="apparatus">
               <listApp>
                  <app loc="1">
                     <lem>-tarkkā<unclear>g</unclear>ama-</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Barth1885_01">-tarkkāśama-</rdg>
                    <!--  <note>It's clear that the slight default of the stone makes the letter <foreign>ga</foreign> look like a <foreign>śa</foreign>.</note> -->
                  </app>
                   <app loc="1">
                     <lem>vrahma parañ</lem>
                      <rdg source="bib:Barth1885_01">vrahmaparañ</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="11">
                     <lem>-sthānam</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Barth1885_01">-sthāpanam</rdg>
                  </app>
                  <app loc="12">
                     <lem>-dāsi-</lem>
                     <rdg source="bib:Barth1885_01">-dāsī-</rdg>
                     <!--  <note>Les documents <supplied reason="explanation">pl. 3 des ISC, cliché de l’est. EFEO n. 1163</supplied> montrent clairement un i bref. Dans la mesure où la distinction graphique entre i bref et i long est très claire partout ailleurs dans l’inscription, on doit admettre soit une faute du lapicide, soit plutôt un abrègement <supplied reason="explanation">cf. Renou, Gramm. sanscrite, § 76 C, p. 86 : « l’abrègement, en position rythmiquement favorable, de la finale <foreign>ā ī ū</foreign> de premier membre a lieu hors de toute loi, surtout S. (…) ép. et poésie épigr. »</supplied>.</note> -->
                  </app>
               </listApp>         
         </div>
         <div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" source="bib:Barth1885_01">
 	<p rend="stanza" n="1">Lui que, par la constante pratique d'une méditation correcte et de la quiétude, les sages perçoivent siégeant <supplied reason="subaudible">dans le coeur</supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> et qu'ils adorent comme la lumière intérieure, désireux de conquérir la <supplied reason="explanation">condition</supplied> suprême, l'absolu brahman;</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="2">Lui par qui les pratiques de la mortification, de l'étude et du sacrifice, pourvu qu'elles s'adressent entièrement à lui, procurent des fruits inexprimables non seulement à ceux qui sont <supplied reason="explanation">encore</supplied> attachés au fruit de ces <supplied reason="explanation">pratiques</supplied>, mais aussi aux détachés qui ont renonçé à tout fruit des oeuvres;</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="3">Lui dont le pada sans support, doué des qualités de ténuité et autres qui lui sont inhérentes, et qui se développent par l'action des énergies qu'il revêt, dépassant <supplied reason="subaudible">le pouvoir de toute</supplied> pensée et de toute parole, <supplied reason="explanation">n'</supplied>est connu <supplied reason="explanation">que</supplied> des sages;</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="4">De cet Omniprésent qui, grâce à son omniprésence, est venu résider en ce lieu, ce <foreign>pada</foreign>, <supplied reason="explanation">vrai</supplied> demeure <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pada</foreign></supplied> de Śrī, <supplied reason="subaudible">avec les rayons</supplied> qui se répandent de ses doigts aimables, <supplied reason="subaudible">brille</supplied> ici, semblable à un lotus <supplied reason="subaudible">à la tige d'or</supplied> fixée sur la pierre.</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="5">Et ce mont, en recevant sur son front enguirlandé de joyaux étincelants le <foreign>pada</foreign> de Giriśa, s'acquiert dans le monde une grande <supplied reason="subaudible">gloire</supplied>; car c'est <supplied reason="subaudible">s'élever</supplied> que de s'humilier devant le plus illustre.</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="6">De même que du lotus des pieds <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pada</foreign></supplied> du Seigneur du monde, dont le pollen est essuyé par les diadêmes des habitants du ciel, s'enorgueillit <gap reason="lost"/> <supplied reason="explanation">de même</supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> de ses cimes cette montagne.</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="7"><supplied reason="explanation">Il est</supplied> un fils de brâhmane, du meilleur des brâhmanes, de Dhruva, petit-fils de Dhruvapuṇyakīrtti, lequel, <supplied reason="subaudible">issu d'une</supplied> race de vieille illustration, rend <supplied reason="subaudible">à sont tour, par son mérite</supplied> témoignage de sa race.</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="8">Par lui, appelé du surnom de Vidyādivindvanta et uniquement appliqué à de saintes oeuvres, <supplied reason="subaudible">fut faite cette représentation</supplied> du <foreign>pada</foreign> de Śambhu, comme un autre <gap reason="lost"/> de la montagne.</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="9">Par lui aussi, sur la plate-forme de ce mont purifiée par l'eau d' un <foreign>tīrtha</foreign>, fut fait, pour les ablutions de Seigneur, <supplied reason="subaudible">ce bassin, ornement de la montagne, la purification</supplied>, en quelque sorte, de sa propre gloire.</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="10">Puissent les adorateurs des pieds <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pada</foreign></supplied> de Paśupati atteindre avec leurs familles le <foreign>pada</foreign> suprême, et puisse longtemps aussi, pour le bien des hommes, ce porteur du monde <supplied reason="explanation">la montagne</supplied> assurer l'assiette de la terre.</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="11">Dans l'année du roi des Śakas <supplied reason="explanation">désignée</supplied> par les saveurs, les Aśvins et les flèches, ce <foreign>pada</foreign> du Seigneur a été entouré d'une bordure de briques, et <supplied reason="explanation">dans l'année désignée</supplied> par les saisons, les mers et les sens, l'eau fut ensuite amenée par lui dans le <foreign>tīrtha</foreign>.</p>
            <p rend="stanza" n="12">En même temps un verger, des servantes, des serviteurs, du bétail, des terres excellentes, tout cela fut donné en toute propriété au Śivapada par son adorateur.</p>
             </div>
           <div type="translation" source="bib:Bhattacharya2009_01">
 	<p rend="stanza" n="1">Whom <supplied reason="subaudible">Śiva</supplied> the sages, desirous of conquering the supreme <supplied reason="subaudible">condition</supplied>, the absolute Brahman, worship as the inner light, established <gap reason="lost"/>, after having determined Him through the sure knowledge obtained by means of pure reasoning and Tradition.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="2">The practices of austerity, study and sacrifice, provided they are offered to Him, bring about undefinable results, not only for those who are <supplied reason="subaudible">still</supplied> attached to the acquisition of the fruits of those works, but also for those who are detached and have renounced all fruits of actions.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="3">Whose status <seg rend="pun">foot</seg>, endowed with tenuity and other qualities which are inherent in Him, and which develop through the action of the energies He assumes - a status <seg rend="pun">foot</seg> without support, that surpasses all thoughts and words - is known <supplied reason="subaudible">only</supplied> to the sages.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="4">Of that Omnipresent who, thanks to His omnipresence, has come to reside here, this foot, sojourn of Śrī, <supplied reason="subaudible">with the rays</supplied> spread from its beautiful toes, <supplied reason="subaudible">shines here</supplied> like a lotus <supplied reason="subaudible">with a golden stalk?</supplied> fixed on the stone.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="5">And this mountain, bearing on its head crowned with manifest jewels the foot of Giriśa <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva</supplied>, acquires in the world great <supplied reason="subaudible">glory</supplied>. For bowing down to the most illustrated <gap reason="lost"/>.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="6">Just as of the lotus-like foot of the Lord of the worlds whose dust <seg rend="pun">pollen</seg> is wiped by the diadems of the in- habitants of heaven <supplied reason="subaudible">gods</supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> is extremely proud <gap reason="lost"/> <supplied reason="subaudible">so</supplied> of its summits this mountain.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="7"><supplied reason="subaudible">There is</supplied> a son of a brahmin - grandson of Dhruva, best of brahmins, of firm , pure fame9 - who, <supplied reason="subaudible">born in</supplied> an old illustrious family, <supplied reason="subaudible">bears in turn, by his merit</supplied> testimony to his family.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="8">By him, named Vidyābindu <supplied reason="explanation">literally: a name beginning with Vidyā and ending with Bindu</supplied>, exclusively devoted to good deeds, <supplied reason="subaudible">was made this representation?</supplied> of the foot of Śambhu <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva</supplied>, as another <gap reason="lost"/> of the mountain.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="9">By him also, on this table-land of the mountain, which was purified by the water of a Tīrtha, was made for the bathing of Īśa <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva</supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">this bathing-place, ornament of the mountain, the purification?</supplied>, as it were, of his own glory.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="10">May people devoted to the feet <supplied reason="explanation">= servants</supplied> of Paśupati <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva</supplied>, together with their families, attain to the highest state, and may this mountain, too, long secure the stability of the earth for the benefit of the creatures.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="11">In the year of the Śaka kings <supplied reason="subaudible">denoted</supplied> by Rasa <supplied reason="explanation">6</supplied>, Dasra <supplied reason="explanation">2</supplied> and arrow <supplied reason="explanation">5</supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">Śaka 526</supplied> the foot of Īśa <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva</supplied> was surrounded by bricks, and in the year <supplied reason="subaudible">denoted</supplied> by season <supplied reason="explanation">6</supplied>, ocean <supplied reason="explanation">4</supplied> and the senses <supplied reason="explanation">5</supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">546</supplied> a tank was again made by him in the bathing-place.</p>
              <p rend="stanza" n="12">By the sacrificer his own property as it exists has been given to the foot of Śiva: gardens, female and male servants, cattle and a field of best quality.</p>
             </div>
         <div type="commentary">
            <p>The prosodic metre of stanza 11 is identified as <foreign>aupachandasika</foreign> by Barth.</p>
            <p>Three symbols of spiral are used as filler of <foreign>pāda</foreign>s a, b and d, of the last stanza.</p>
            <p n="3">Regarding the word <foreign>vacas<seg met="+-+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg></foreign>, the translation of Barth is based on the conjectural restitution <foreign>vacasāñ ca gocarāv</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">ISC, p. 36 n. 4</supplied>; Nilakanta Sastri 1949, and followed by K. Bhattacharya <supplied reason="explanation">cf. 1955 : p. 489 n. 18 ; also 1961 : 57</supplied>, restore most probably the passage as follows: <foreign>vacasām agocaram</foreign>.</p>
         <p n="4">The translation of Barth of <seg met="+-+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg> is based on the conjectural restitution <foreign>°raśmi śobhate</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">ISC, p. 36 n. 5</supplied>.</p>
         <p n="4">The translation of Barth of <foreign><seg met="-+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg>ṇḍābjam</foreign> is based on the conjectural restitution <foreign>hiraṇyakāṇḍābjam</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">ISC, p. 36 n. 5</supplied>.</p>
         <p n="5">The translation of Barth of <foreign>bahu<seg met="+-+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg></foreign> is based on the conjectural restitution <foreign>bahumānyatām</foreign><seg met="-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg> <supplied reason="explanation">ISC, p. 37 n. 1</supplied>.</p>
         <p n="7">Regarding the word <foreign>-ku<seg met="+-++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg></foreign>, the translation of Barth is based on the conjectural restitution <foreign>°kulaprajāto</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">ISC, p. 37 n. 3</supplied>.</p>
            <p n="7">The translation of Barth of <foreign><seg met="=+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg>yas</foreign> is based on the conjectural restitution <foreign>guṇena bhūyas</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">ISC, p. 37 n. 3</supplied>.</p>
         <p n="8">Barth proposes to restore <foreign>ak<seg met="+-++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg></foreign> as <foreign>akāri</foreign> <seg met="++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg>.</p>
         <p n="9">Barth proposes to restore <foreign>mahī<seg met="+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg></foreign> as <foreign>mahībhr̥t</foreign>, being the first element of the compound <foreign>mahībhr̥cchriye</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">ISC, p. 37 n. 5</supplied>.</p>
         <p n="9">Barth proposes to restore <foreign><seg met="=+-++-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg> Ivātma-</foreign> as <seg met="=+-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg> tīrtham ivātma-. This proposition is improbable because the vowel <foreign>i</foreign> of <foreign>iva</foreign> is an Initial <foreign>I</foreign>.</p>
         </div>
         <div type="bibliography">
          <p>First edited by Auguste Barth (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Barth1885_01"/><citedRange unit="page">31-38</citedRange></bibl>) with a French translation; re-edited here by Gerdi Gerschheimer and Kunthea Chhom from estampage EFEO n.1163. Kamaleswar Bhattacharya (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Bhattacharya2009_01"/><citedRange unit="page">19-23</citedRange></bibl>) provides an English translation.</p>
	 <listBibl type="primary">
    <bibl n="AB">
      <ptr target="bib:Barth1885_01"/><citedRange unit="page">31-38</citedRange>
    </bibl>
	    <bibl n="KB">
      <ptr target="bib:Bhattacharya2009_01"/><citedRange unit="page">19-23</citedRange>
    </bibl>
  </listBibl>
            <listBibl type="secondary">
             <bibl n="RM">
      <ptr target="bib:Majumdar1953_01"/><citedRange unit="page">8-10</citedRange>
    </bibl>
           </listBibl>
        </div>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>
