Drang Lai stela (C. 43), 1357 Śaka EpiDoc Encoding Arlo Griffiths intellectual authorship of edition Arlo Griffiths Amandine Lepoutre European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994 DHARMA Jakarta DHARMA_INSCIC00043.xml CC BY-SA 4.0 2019-2026 as per external metadata

In 1337 Śaka (1415 CE), after the death of king Jayasiṁhavarman, his son Vīrabhadravarman, who was until then Lord of Ṅauk Glauṅ Vijaya, came to the throne of the kingdom. After many battles, which the Vietnamese king waged against Campā, king Vīrabhadravarman attacked Đại Việt, at an uncertain date. He captured a Vietnamese princess, slaves, animals and many riches of the Vietnamese king before heading back to Vijayāpurī, his favourite seat of government.

Close political ties between the lowlands and highlands led to the integration of the ‘Great king of the Montagnards’ within a territory called Madhyamagrāma, and the vassalage of Śrī Gajarāja (‘King of the Elephants’). In this way, the protection of god Kirāṭeśvara was assured for the forested domains of the Cam king. Vīrabhadravarman, for his part, offered the highlands region some forms of infrastructure, such as a well and roads.

In 1357 Śaka (1435 CE), he founded an image of the god Kirāṭeśvara. The latter was endowed by him with servants, wealth in gold, silver, lands and men. The ‘Great king of the Montagnards’ who was reigning undertook water works and promoted rice-growing in the same region, also offering men and women who had been previously captured. And so a holy place, named Bhagit, was established.

The lettering is characteristic of the fifteenth century CE.

Encoded in TEI/EpiDoc according to the DHARMA Encoding Guide for Documentary Editions, version 2

 started encoding the inscription
Aum̐ṇama śivāya

* svasti . madā paramarājotauma sa dr̥im̃ prathamarājāviśeka dr̥m̃ nāma yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī vr̥ṣuviṣṇujātti vīrabhadravarmmadeva pu-pom̃ ku pūra ṅauk· glaum̃ vijaya dr̥m̃ rāja di śaka sidaḥ R̥śi-pāvaka-Agni-rūpa .

dunan· sūṇu yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī jayasīṅhavarmmadeva pu-pom̃ ku vr̥ṣuvaṅṣa paramabhūmyāddhipa vīrasiṅha campa pu-pom̃ ku nan· samīpaprāṇna ta⌈ke śivasthāṇna Aviśekha rāja di paratmaja nan· dr̥m̃ rāja pr̥thama-brahma-kaśattri-vaiśa-śūdr̥-hīṇna-dīṇṇā-saṇtusta-māṇnasa kram̃tthi vījākūra pakā yavaṇarāja vā vala marai Aneka Āyuddha kā rijan· vyuha samīpa śrī vijayāpurī hetu yām̃ pom̃ ku śivakāruṇna kum̃ jak· di mahnā kireṇdra sidaḥ śrīṣnarājavāri doṁ nāyakāyuddha ya doṁ vala dinan· ya klāḥ di maranna nau take nagara di śaka śaśām̃ka-rahutauva-rāja-rāja-vānna pu-pom̃ ku kā maUdyāṇna nau tam̃l· nagara yvan· mak· puruśśa matr̥ī Aśva gaja Aneka dravya yavanarāja dhai rājagottra vā rājaputtrī marai pamvram̃ pu-pom̃ ku maUdyāṇna gulāc· tam̃l· vijayāpurī sampūrṇna pakā vrīm̃ maṇtrī karāvv· ya doṁ bhaṇḍāra mavvām̃ mahnā kirendra di maddhamagr̥āma pu-pom̃ ku maUdyānna tuṅgo marai kā jak· di śrī gajarāja gvac· mahnā kirendra lo kāla gvac· di ṅauk· vanam̃k· sā kirāteśvara pu-pom̃ ku ṅan· devandasamatiḥ ya rakṣā rāja pu-pom̃ ku di vaṇna dadam̃n· kāla sim̃ tmum̃ klāḥ di pāppa ṅan· yaśa di loka ṅan· paraloka dudim̃ pu-pom̃ ku kamvac· tuvam̃ śāla pavvak· Anvak· vrim̃ nāma tuvam̃ ṇrapā paṅap· Adhvā ni klum̃ jalāṇ nī samū ṅan· nagara Alā rim̃ mak· bhaṇḍāra vanaḥ nī kraum̃ pralāy· ṣuḥ khin· makanāya gaḥ kvīra trā marai makanāya doṁ bhaṇḍāra vukam̃n· rim̃ kāla sthāppa caittra ṇī di śakarāja ṇrapaḥ-loka-śaraḥ-bhūdharaḥ vuḥ bhoga pamram̃m̃ di caittra kirāteśvara pu pom̃ ku .

nī doṁ dr̥vya lumvaḥ di yām̃ kralauk· māḥ vanna qnāk· 2 thil· klauṅ· māḥ 1 thil· śvam̃n· pirak· 18 thil· tralāy· pirak· 13 thil· dyam̃p· pirak· 8 thil· bhriṅgāra @@@@ [pi](ra)k· 20 thil· kalaśa pirak· 3 thil· Uk· pira[k·] (2) thil· suvauk· pirak· 4 vauḥ 4 thil· (c)ān· dhūp pirak· [#] (vau)ḥ 2 thil· li 8 graṁ klaum̃ pirak· sa vauḥ 1 thil· kralau[k· pi]rak· sa vauḥ 2 thil· sralaum̃ pirak· sa vauḥ 10 thil·

[ma]dā humā si parok· s(i) vuḥ ni cai(t)ra (d)i humā Air· (p)a[ṇdīp·] (d)i Atam̃ vvil· 110 jāk· vijaiḥ humā bvar· paṇdīp· [sā] (sth)āṇna ttrā di lumven· 170 vijaiḥ humā bvar· laṅī[k· di] lumven· 250 vijaiḥ . humā bvar· laṅīk· sā sthā(ṇna tr̥ā) [di ha]jai akauvv· 200 vijeḥ humā bvar· laṅīk· sā sthā- [ṇna] tt(r)ā di tanvantarāṅśāriḥ 2(8)00 vijaiḥ . ṅan· campa si (vu)[ḥ] dauk· di ṅauk· nī ṅan· lauvv· yvan· kur· syaṁ [ja]vā vaṅgalā Aviḥ 170 ṅan· mmahnā kireṇnra (ha)yāvv· tmum̃ dvā pluḥ klu ku {1/2} kvak· ṅan· rūppa ta gvac· (na)n· dr̥[m̃] nāma br̥vaṣasrādi manr̥auṅ· (cam·) yām̃ Inā ja (si)ddhi sulakṣana mahnā ka(ta) sampūrnalakṣana madā kukum̃ sa pluḥ salapan· vrim̃ nāma bva {1} (ramatta)taṅga pu-pom̃ ku {1} pajyem̃ vam̃k· kraum̃ ha[yā]vv· manr̥au(m̃) parok· pa {1/2} humā padam̃ṅ· rāja {2} vuḥ yvan· (s)i mak· [lakim̃] krumim̃ luvaiḥ klum̃ rī(v)[uv·] {1}tu syāṁ (s)vam̃n· vījā[kūra] nāma sakram̃tthi pu [pom̃] ku maUdyāṇna va(la) [gulā]c· mahnā kīreṇdr̥ {2}rāpurī ṅan· dadam̃n· {2} [bha]ṇḍāra ya madā ma(hn)ā [kire-] ṇdra hetu ri ganī {2} [sa]kr̥m̃tthi dadam̃n· va(na)[m̃]k· [… śi]vasthāṇna raḥ kā pū {2/3} (v)ya sthāppa caittra nī {2/3} nāma (th)īrtatna (bha)git· mak· hastī hastinī Asaiḥ lamauv· kruvām̃ lumvaḥ pa(pa)m̃mvram̃ caittra nī jem̃ dharmma .

ni doṁ bhaṇḍāra nagara (k)vī[r]· si bharam̃ devatā ra vrim̃ si mak· patupak· 
vā marai dauk· di lābha bhaṇḍāra vr̥im̃ dauk· pamvr̥m̃m̃ caitr̥a nī

tmum̃ tmam̃ We noted (210) that tmam̃ had to be corrected to tmum̃ but now we think the u marker is actually visible on the estampages. pralāy· tralāy· ṣuḥ khin· māḥ khin· The parallel passage in C. 237 (A4) that has become available since our 2012 publication now helps to determine the reading intended here.

This inscription long remains unpublished, except for the first 4/5 lines read (partly) by Louis Finot and Anne-Valérie Schweyer. It was first mentioned in BEFEO 1 (1901), p. 413 and 2 (1902), p. 227; presence at “Cheo Reo” described by Parmentier (1902: 282); proper provenance ascertained by Prosper Odend’hal in 1903 (see Finot 1904b: 535); stela described by Parmentier (1909: 562–563); briefly referred to, with citation of its first 4 lines by Finot (1915: 13–14); mentioned by Majumdar (1927: 223, no. 119); arrival at Museum reported in BEFEO 27 (1927), p. 460; Finot’s excerpt cited by Golzio (2004: 199); first five lines read and translated by Schweyer (2008a: 226). Available reproductions: EFEO estampages 267, n. 510, n. 2122–2125.

205-218 535 562-563 13-14 III223119 199 226